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Die 100 wichtigsten Werke der Ökonomie

2019 Schäffer-Poeschel, Stuttgart

Results in this title

Tinbergen, Jan: Economic Policy S. 236-237

„… . Economic Policy Principles and Design EA: Amsterdam: North-Holland Publ., 1956; 4. rev. Aufl. 1967. AA …” „… sich bei Economic Policy um eine erweiterte Fassung zweier zuvor erschienener Bände zur …” „… Wirtschaftspolitik (On the Theory of Economic Policy, 1952 und Centralization and Decentralization in Economic …”

Downs, Anthony: An Economic Theory of Democracy S. 57-58

„… Universität, wo er im Jahre 1956 seinen Doktorgrad in Ökonomie mit der Arbeit An Economic Theory of Democracy …” „… der Politik. An Economic Theory of Democracy EA: New York: Harper & Brothers, 1957. AA: Reading, MA …” „… seinem Werk An Economic Theory of Democracy versucht Downs, demokratische Prozesse mittels …”

Samuelson, Paul Anthony: Foundations of Economic Analysis S. 207-209

„… ) gelang ihm das im letzten Jahrhundert weltweit meistverkaufte Einführungswerk. Foundations of Economic …” „… , bringen das Ziel und den wesentlichen Beitrag der Foundations of Economic Analysis auf den Punkt. Vor …” „… , Foundations of Economic Analysis«, 10348-0001.indd 208 15-Jun-19 6:57:07 PM 209 Samuelson, Paul Anthony …”

Lewis, William Arthur: The Theory of Economic Growth S. 133-135

„… gewidmet: theoriebildend, so in dem epochalen Aufsatz »Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of …” „… (gemeinsam mit T.W. Schultz) den Nobelpreis. The Theory of Economic Growth EA: London: Allen & Unwin, 1955 …” „… Berücksichtigung spezifischer Charakteristika der Volkswirtschaften. Die Theory of Economic Growth ist eine …”

Fogel, Robert William: Railroads and American Economic Growth S. 63-64

„… ). Railroads and American Economic Growth, ein Werk, das aus Fogels Dissertation entstand, hat entscheidend zu …” „… , Illinois. Railroads and American Economic Growth Essays in Econometric History EA: Baltimore: Johns Hopkins …” „… . Atack/P. Passell: A New Economic View of American History, New York: Norton, 1994; C. Goldin/H. Rockoff …”

Alchian, Armen Albert: Uncertainty, Evolution, and Economic Theory S. 13-15

„… , Los Angeles; 1996 wurde er »Distinguished Fellow« der American Economic Association. Neben seinen …” „… , Evolution, and Economic Theory EA: in: Journal of Political Economy, 58, 1950, S. 211–221. AA: in: U. Witt …” „… »Uncertainty, Evolution, and Economic Theory«. Alchian unterstellt hier – in Abgrenzung zur orthodoxen …”

Williamson, Oliver Eaton: The Economic Institutions of Capitalism S. 248-250

„… California in Berkeley. The Economic Institutions of Capitalism EA: New York: Free Pr., 1985. DA: Die …” „… Vorläufer für The Economic Institutions of Capitalism gilt. Das Buch beginnt mit einer umfassenden …” „… Hierarchies sowie The Economic Institutions of Capitalism erstmals den Social-Science-Index, der am häufigsten …”

Meade, James Edward: The Theory of International Economic Policy S. 152-153

„… wissenschaftlicher Gremien und Institutionen (unter anderem war er Präsident der Royal Economic Society). Zusammen …” „… Kapitalbewegung«. The Theory of International Economic Policy EA: Bd. 1: The Balance of Payments, Bd. 2: Trade and …” „… : Nachdr., London: Oxford UP, 1966. In seinem zweibändigen Werk The Theory of International Economic …”

North, Douglass Cecil: Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance S. 175-177

„… 23. November 2015 in Benzonia, Michigan. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance …” „… Arbeiten, beginnend mit The Rise of the Western World (1973) und Structure and Change in Economic History …” „… . Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance ist die Fortsetzung seines Bemühens um ein …”

Neumann, John von/Oskar Morgenstern: Theory of Games and Economic Behavior S. 172-174

„… arbeitete. Theory of Games and Economic Behavior EA: Princeton: Princeton UP, 1944, 21947, 31953. AA …” „… Unsicherheit etabliert. Theory of Games and Economic Behavior ist ein wahrer Klassiker – es wird häufig zitiert …” „… of Game Theory, 1928–1944«, in: Journal of Economic Literature, 33, 1995, S. 730–761; N. Macrae …”

Prebisch, Raúl: The Economic Development of Latin America and Its Principal Problems S. 194-195

„… Exekutivsekretär der Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA) der Vereinten Nationen einen nachhaltigen …” „… seinen vielfältigen Schriften nimmt die Analyse The Economic Development of Latin America and Its …” „… Principal Problems eine programmatische Rolle ein. The Economic Development of Latin America and Its …”

Debreu, Gérard: Theory of Value: An Axiomatic Analysis of Economic Equilibrium S. 53-54

„… des Allgemeinen Gleichgewichts. Theory of Value: An Axiomatic Analysis of Economic Equilibrium EA …” „… war er Mitarbeiter der Cowles Commission for Research in Economics, einer Stiftung, die v. a …” „… .): Contributions to Mathematical Economics: In Honor of Gerard Debreu, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1986; A …”

Harrod, Roy Forbes: Towards a Dynamic Economics S. 77-78

„… (1948). Towards a Dynamic Economics Some Recent Developments of Economic Theory and their Application to …” „… Dynamic Models«, in: Economic Journal, LVIII, Dez. 1948, S. 506–521; D. Besomi: »Failing to Win Consent …” „… . Hahn/R.C.O. Matthews: »The Theory of Economic Growth. A Survey«, in: Economic Journal, LXXIV, Dez. 1964, S …”

Ramsey, Frank Plumpton: Foundations: Essays in Philosophy, Logic, Mathematics and Economics S. 196-197

„… Economics, Bd. 1, Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1985; D. Bos: Pricing and Price Regulation. An Economic Theory …” „… Taxation« (1927) und »A Mathematical Theory of Saving« (1928), die in der Fachzeitschrift The Economic …” „… in an Aggregative Model of Capital Accumulation«, in: Review of Economic Studies, 32/3, 1965, S …”

Kornai, János: Economics of Shortage S. 115-116

„… belegt die Resonanz auf seine Bücher Overcentralization in Economic Administration (1959), Mathematical …” „… Shortage. A Critical Review«, in: De Economist, 130/4, 1982, S. 514–535; H.-J. Wagener (Hg.): Economic …” „… ). Economics of Shortage ist aus Vorlesungen hervorgegangen, die Kornai 1976/77 an der Stockholmer Universität …”

Lerner, Abba Ptachya: The Economics of Control S. 131-132

„… Lowe on Economic Method, Theory, History, and Policy, Annandale-on- Hudson, NY: Levy Economics …” „… Economic Literature, 22/4, 1984, S. 1547–1571; I. Sobel: »Abba Petachya Lerner, 1903–1982. Six Decades of …” „… Economics und ging 1937 mit einem Stipendium in die USA. Lerner war ein überzeugter Sozialist, der aber …”

Leijonhufvud, Axel: On Keynesian Economics and the Economics of Keynes S. 126-127

„… Disequilibrium Model of Income and Employment«, in: American Economic Review, 61, 1971, S. 82–93; J.-P. Bénassy …” „… ’ Interpretation, Makroökonomik und Wachstumstheorie. On Keynesian Economics and the Economics of Keynes A Study …”

Robinson, Joan Violet: The Economics of Imperfect Competition S. 202-203

„… : »Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity«, in: American Economic Review, 67/3, 1977, S. 297–308 …” „… Economics of Imperfect Competition (1933), die sich noch an Marshalls Kategorien der Gleichgewichtstheorie …” „… Fellows von King’s College. Detlev Ehrig The Economics of Imperfect Competition EA: London: Macmillan …”

Hotelling, Harold: The Economics of Exhaustible Resources S. 92-93

„… . Dasgupta/G.M. Heal: Economic Theory and Exhaustible Ressources, Cambridge et al.: Cambridge UP, 1995 (Nachdr …” „… , wo er am 26. Dezember 1973 verstarb. The Economics of Exhaustible Resources EA: in: Journal of …” „… Political Economy, 39/2, 1931, S. 137–175. AA: in: Environmental Economics, 2001, S. 83–112. Hotellings …”

Viner, Jacob: International Economics S. 241-242

„… American Economic Association. Im Jahre 1946 ging Viner an die Princeton University, wo er bis zu seiner …” „… am 12.9.1970. International Economics Studies by Jacob Viner EA: Glencoe, IL: The Free Press, 1951 …” „… Währungs- und Handelspolitik zieht sich durch International Economics. In den 25 Beiträgen aus den …”

Pigou, Arthur Cecil: The Economics of Welfare S. 192-193

„… . Von der klassischen Wohlstandsdefinition abweichend, unterscheidet Pigou »social welfare«, »economic …” „… festen Platz in modernen Lehrbüchern beanspruchen. Udo H. Raab The Economics of Welfare EA: London et al …” „… .: Macmillan, 1920; 41932 (Nachdr. 1960). AA: New Brunswick, NJ-London: Transaction, 2002. The Economics of …”

Marshall, Alfred/Mary Paley Marshall: The Economics of Industry S. 145-146

„… . McWilliams-Tullberg: »Marshall’s attitude to the Economics of Industry«, in: Journal of the History of Economic …” „… Fachrichtung mit eigenem Studiengang etablierte. Neben den Principles of Economics, bis in die späten 1930er …” „… . The Economics of Industry EA: London: Macmillan, 1879. AA: Bristol: Overstone Press, 1997. Das 1879 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… « . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Alchian, Armen Albert: Uncertainty, Evolution, and Economic Theory …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Debreu, Gérard: Theory of Value: An Axiomatic Analysis of Economic Equilibrium …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Downs, Anthony: An Economic Theory of Democracy …”

Kuznets, Simon Smith: National Income and its Composition, 1919–1938 S. 119-120

„… , emigrierte 1922 in die USA und trat 1927 in die Dienste des National Bureau of Economic Research. Hier …” „… Bureau of Economic Research, Monograph Nr. 40, 1941. AA: Nachdr. in einem Bd., New York: National Bureau …” „… of Economic Research, 1947. National Income and its Composition besteht aus vier Teilen. Der erste …”

Leibenstein, Harvey: Allocative Efficiency vs. X-Efficiency S. 124-125

„… Bezug auf die Theorie der Firma. Allocative Efficiency vs. X-Efficiency EA: in: American Economic …” „… ; J.W. Dean/M. Perlman: »Harvey Leibenstein as a Pioneer of Our Time«, in: The Economic Journal, 108 …” „… . Leibenstein et al.: »X-Inefficiency After a Quarter of a Century«, in: American Economic Review, 82, 1992, S …”

Phillips, Alban William Housego: The Relationship between Unemployment and the Rate of Change of Money Wages in the United Kingdom, 1861–1957 S. 190-191

„… . Samuelson/R.M. Solow: »Analytical Aspects of Anti-Inflation Policy«, in: American Economic Review. Papers and …” „… Proceedings, 50, 1960, S. 177–194; M. Friedman: »The Role of Monetary Policy«, in: American Economic Review …” „… Economic Theory, 4, 1972, S. 103–124; W. Kösters/B. Hofmann: »40 Jahre Phillipskurve. Ein kurzer aktueller …”

Hirschman, Albert Otto: Exit, Voice, and Loyalty S. 90-91

„… großen entwicklungsökonomischen Werk The Strategy of Economic Development (1958) führten Albert O …” „… Economic Development, New Haven: Yale UP, 1958; P. Krugman: Development, Geography, and Economic Theory …” „… des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (Sorbonne) und der London School of Economics (LSE). Er promovierte von …”

Becker, Gary Stanley: Human Capital S. 26-27

„… arbeitete parallel für das National Bureau of Economic Research in New York City. Während dieser Zeit …” „… seinem Werk Human Capital veröffentlicht. Human Capital EA: New York et al.: National Bureau of Economic …” „… . Schultz: »Education and Economic Growth«, in: N.B. Henry (Hg.): Social Forces Influencing American …”

Clark, John Bates: The Distribution of Wealth S. 45-46

„… (1885) sowie dritter Präsident (1893–1895) der American Economic Association. Zusammen mit Irving …” „… .« (Machlup, »Reply to Professor Takata«, in: Osaka Economic Papers, 4, 1955). Lit.: M. Blaug (Hg.): Pioneers …” „… ; A.M. Sievers: Revolution, Evolution, and the Economic Order, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall …”

Thünen, Johann Heinrich von: Der isolirte Staat in Beziehung auf Landwirthschaft und Nationalökonomie S. 234-235

„… : Leopold, 1869; R. Dorfman: »Comment: P.A. Samuelson, Thünen at Two Hundred«, in: Journal of Economic …” „… Literature, 24, 1986, S. 1773–1776; P.A. Samuelson: »Thünen at Two Hundred«, in: Journal of Economic …” „… Derivation«, in: Journal of Economic Literature, 24, 1986, S. 1777–1785; E. Carell: »Die Lagerente«, in …”

Leontief, Wassily: The Structure of the American Economy 1919–1929 S. 128

„… rief er das Harvard Economic Research Project ins Leben, das er bis 1973 leitete. Von 1975 bis 1991 …” „… lehrte er an der New York University, wo er das Institute for Economic Analysis gründete. Berühmt wurde …”

Klein, Lawrence Robert/Arthur Stanley Goldberger: An Econometric Model of the United States, 1929–1952 S. 104-105

„… er erstmals im Jahre 1950 veröffentlichte (Economic Fluctuations in the United States, 1950). Das im …” „… , 1959; L.R. Klein: Economic Fluctuations in the United States, 1921–1941. Cowles Commission Monographs …”

Koopmans, Tjalling Charles: Activity Analysis and its Applications S. 113-114

„… : in: American Economic Review, 2/43, 1953, S. 406–414. Als Koopmans im Jahr 1953 im American Economic …” „… . Hurwicz: »Koopmans, Tjalling Charles«, in: The New Palgrave. A Dictionary of Economics, London: Macmillan …”

Krugman, Paul Robin: Geography and Trade S. 117-118

„… John-Bates-Clark-Medaille der American Economic Association, 1998 die Ehrendoktorwürde der Freien Universität Berlin …” „… ; A.O. Hirschman: The Strategy of Economic Development, New Haven: Yale UP, 1958; P.M. Romer …” „… ; M. Greenhut/G. Nor- man/L.-S. Hung: The Economics of Imperfect Competition. A Spatial Approach …”

Coase, Ronald Harry: The Problem of Social Cost S. 49-50

„… : Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 140, 1984, S. 229–231; T. Eggertsson: Economic …” „… Nature of the Firm«, in: Economica, 4, 1937, S. 386–404; ders.: »The New Institutional Economics«, in …” „… . Williamson: The Economic Institutions of Capitalism, New York-London: Free Pr., 1985. Thomas Hart 10348-0001 …”

Fisher, Irving: The Rate of Interest S. 61-62

„… Relation to Economic Phenomena EA: New York: Macmillan, 1907. AA: Düsseldorf: Verlag Wirtschaft und …” „… considerations not strictly economic«. Daher sei es kaum möglich, halbwegs zuverlässige Prognosen selbst der …” „… des ökonomischen Denkens, Bd. 2, München: Beck, 1989; H.E. Loef/H.G. Monissen (Hg.): The Economics of …”

Akerlof, George Arthur: The Market for »Lemons« S. 11-12

„… zuerst an die American Economic Review (abgelehnt, da »trivial«), dann zum Journal of Political Economy …” „… (abgelehnt, da »falsch«), weiter zur Review of Economic Studies (abgelehnt, da »trivial«). Schließlich wurde …” „… Market for »Lemons« Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism EA: in: Quarterly Journal of Economics …”

Merton, Robert Carhart: Continuous-Time Finance S. 157-158

„… Economic Growth, Public Pension Plans, Deposit Insurance, and Loan Guarantees«. Diese sechs Teile bestehen …” „… : »Applications of Option-Pricing Theory. Twenty-Five Years Later«, in: American Economic Review, 88/3, 1998, S …”

Ohlin, Bertil Gotthard: Interregional and International Trade S. 180-181

„… .: J.N. Bhagwati: »The Pure Theory of International Trade. A Survey«, in: The Economic Journal, 74, 1964 …” „… , S. 1–84; R.E. Caves: Trade and Economic Structure. Models and Methods, Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP …”

Bhagwati, Jagdish N./Vangal Krishnamachari Ramaswami: Domestic Distortions, Tariffs, and the Theory of Optimum Subsidy S. 30-31

„… . 69–90; W.M. Corden: Trade Policy and Economic Welfare, Oxford: Oxford UP, 1974; G. Haberler: »Some …” „… Problems in the Pure Theory of International Trade«, in: Economic Journal, 55/238, 1950, S. 223–240; D …” „… Familie eine Einladung zur International Economics Conference in Brissago in der Schweiz absagen. Der erst …”

Friedman, Milton/Anna Jacobson Schwartz: A Monetary History of the United States S. 65-66

„… Bureau of Economic Research und unterrichtete seit 1952 an verschiedenen Colleges und Universitäten, u …” „… Test in the Spirit of Friedman and Schwartz«, in: P.J. Whiteley (Hg.): Economic Policy, Bd. 1 …”

Veblen, Thorstein Bunde: The Theory of the Leisure Class S. 238-240

„… kalifornischen Menlo Park. The Theory of the Leisure Class An Economic Study in the Evolution of Institutions EA …” „… . Dorfman: The Economic Mind in American Civilization, 5 Bde., New York: Viking Press, 1946–1959; C …” „… Fachzeitschriften wie The Quarterly Journal of Economics (1898, 1906), The American Journal of Sociology (1898 …”

Lucas, Robert Emerson, Jr.: Studies in Business-Cycle Theory S. 138-140

„… Role of the Economic Advisor« (1980) lediglich den wirtschaftspolitischen Empfehlungen des Monetarismus …” „… of Modern Macroeconomics«, in: Journal of Economic Perspectives 1/12, 1998, S. 171–186; K.D. Hoover …” „… .: »Expectations and the Nonneutrality of Lucas«, in: Journal of Monetary Economics, 3/37, 1996, S. 535–548; T …”

Keynes, John Maynard: A Treatise on Money S. 96-98

„… des Economic Journal und Mitglied der Royal Comission on Indian Finance and Currency. 1919 nahm Keynes …” „… unvertretbar hielt. Noch im selben Jahr erschien The Economic Consequences of the Peace, eine Veröffentlichung …”

Myrdal, Karl Gunnar: Om penningteoretisk jämvikt S. 167-169

„… , Generalsekretär der Economic Commission for Europe der UNO und Leiter eines Forschungsprojektes der UNO, das in …” „… . Lundberg: »Gunnar Myrdal’s Contribution to Economic Theory. A Short Survey«, in: The Swedish Journal of …” „… Economics, 76/4, 1974, S. 472–478; D. Patinkin: Anticipations of the General Theory? And Other Essays on …”

Knight, Frank Hyneman: Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit S. 108-109

„… School of Economics wieder aufgelegt wurde. Von 1950 bis 1951 war er Präsident der American Economic …” „… Chicago School of Economics und Mitherausgeber des Journal of Political Economy. Der Ausgangspunkt seiner …”

Schumpeter, Joseph Alois: Theorie der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung S. 215-216

„… . Lit.: J.E. Elliott: »Schumpeter’s Theory of Economic Development and Social Change: Exposition and …” „… Assessment«, in: International Journal of Social Economics 12/6–7, 1985, S. 6–33; H.C. Recktenwald/F.M …”

Sraffa, Piero: Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities S. 228-229

„… Wirtschaftsnobelpreises. Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities Prelude to a Critique of Economic Theory EA …”

Chamberlin, Edward Hastings: The Theory of Monopolistic Competition S. 43-44

„… and Their Regulation. Papers and Proceedings of a Conference held by the International Economic …” „… Economics. The Theory of Monopolistic Competition A Re-orientation of the Theory of Value EA: Cambridge, MA …” „… Economics of Imperfect Competition. Im englischen und amerikanischen Cambridge wurde unabhängig voneinander …”

Simon, Herbert Alexander: Models of Thought S. 219-220

„… )«, in: History of Economic Ideas, 9, 2001, S. 7–11. Uwe Fachinger 10348-0001.indd 220 15-Jun-19 …” „… Scienze Economiche e Commerciali, 49, 2002, S. 289–304; ders.: »A Tribute to Herbert A. Simon (1916– 2001 …”

Haavelmo, Trygve Magnus: The Probability Approach in Econometrics S. 70-71

„… : Forecasting Economic Time Series, New York: Academic Pr., 21996; W.H. Greene: Econometric Analysis, Prentice …”

Hilferding, Rudolf: Das Finanzkapital S. 88-89

„… , Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1990; P. Koslowski (Hg.): The Theory of Capitalism in the German Economic …”

Cassel, (Karl) Gustav: Theoretische Sozialökonomie S. 41-42

„… «, in: Economic Essays in Honour of Gustav Cassel, London: Cass & Co., 1967, S. 33–52; H.-M. Müller …” „… Buches Fundamental Thoughts in Economics. Der vierte Teil enthält eine Theorie der Konjunkturbewegung …”

Nash, John Forbes, Jr.: Non-Cooperative Games S. 170-171

„… .: Springer, 42000; D.M. Kreps: Game Theory and Economic Modelling, Oxford et al.: Clarendon Pr., 1990; R.B …” „… Beautiful Mind. A Biography of John Forbes Nash, Jr., Winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, 1994, New York …”

Leontief, Wassily: Domestic Production and Foreign Trade S. 129-130

„… Harvard Economic Research Project durchgeführten Analysen basierten auf der zu jener Zeit vorherrschenden …” „… Economics, New York et al.: Oxford UP, 21986; H.-W. Holub/H. Schnabl: Input-Output-Analyse. Einführung …”

Hayek, Friedrich August von: The Constitution of Liberty S. 82-84

„… : 15.06.19 - 18:56/Seite:85 don: Institute of Economic Affairs, 1961; J. Shearmur: Hayek and After. Hayekian …” „… Hayek intensiv beschäftigt und von vielen Vertretern der sogenannten »constitutional economics …”

Sen, Amartya Kumar: Collective Choice and Social Welfare S. 217-218

„… untermauert. Lit.: A.K. Sen: On Economic Inequality. Enlarged Edition, Oxford: Clarendon Pr., 1997; A.K. Sen …” „… zwischen 1966 und 1969 an der Delhi School of Economics. Das Werk ist nach Arrows Social Choice and …”

Hicks, John Richard: Value and Capital S. 85-87

„… An Inquiry into Some Fundamental Principles of Economic Theory EA: Oxford: Clarendon Pr., 1939. AA …” „… Dozent an der London School of Economics, wo er sich auf Arbeitsmarktökonomik spezialisierte. 1935 nahm …” „… economics from the higher standpoint« charakterisieren. In der Darstellungsweise folgt es genau dem u. a …”

Kindleberger, Charles Poor: Manias, Panics, and Crashes S. 101-103

„… verfasste insgesamt etwa 30 Bücher; spätestens mit seinem Alterswerk, World Economic Primacy: 1500 to 1990 …”

Arrow, Kenneth Joseph: Essays in the Theory of Risk-Bearing S. 19-21

„… Unsicherheit« ausgerufen. Lit.: J. von Neumann/O. Morgenstern: Theory of Games and Economic Behaviour …” „… Theory«, in: K.J. Arrow/M. Intriligator (Hg.): Handbook of Mathematical Economics, Bd. III, Amsterdam …”

Launhardt, Wilhelm: Mathematische Begründung der Volkswirthschaftslehre S. 121-123

„… : »An Engineer’s View of Economics: Wilhelm Launhardt’s Contributions«, in: Journal of Economic Studies …”

Wicksell, Knut: Geldzins und Güterpreise S. 245-247

„… . Bd.: Schulökonomik, Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr (Siebeck), 2001; C.G. Uhr: Economic Doctrines of Knut …” „… /Version: 15.06.19 - 18:56/Seite:247 »Wicksell and Neoclassical Economics«, in: The New Palgrave. A …” „… Dictionary of Economics, London: Macmillan, 1987, Bd. 4, Sp. 908a-910b; B. Schefold (Hg.): Vademecum zu …”

Patinkin, Don Israel: Money, Interest, and Prices S. 187-189

„… Maurice Falk Institute for Economic Research, Mitglied im Aufsichtsrat der Bank of Israel, Mitglied im …” „… Inflation, Cambridge et al.: Cambridge UP, 1976; J.P. Benassy: The Economics of Market Disequilibrium, New …” „… al. (Hg.): Studies in Mathematical Economics and Econometrics, Chicago, IL: U of Chicago Pr., 1942 …”

Say, Jean-Baptiste: Traité d’économie politique S. 210-212

„… French Classicism, London: Routledge, 2005; S. Kates: Two Hundred Years of Say’s Law. Essays on Economic …” „… ; S. Hollander: Jean-Baptiste Say and the Classical Canon in Economics. The British Connection in …”

Smith, Adam: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations S. 221-224

„… von Adam Smith, Freiburg i.Br.: Alber, 2000; J. Peil: Adam Smith and Economic Science. A …” „… on the Wealth of Nations, Glasgow: Department of Economics, 2000. Dietmar Herz 10348-0001.indd 224 …”

Die Autoren S. 251-257

„… Finanz- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte. 1985 war er Präsident der American Economic Association. Stephan …” „… , Economics and Finance. Veronika V. Eberharter ist seit 2001 Assistenz-Professorin am Institut für …” „… am Economics Department der Indiana University of Pennsylvania, USA. Michael Welling ist Professor an …”

Marshall, Alfred: Principles of Economics S. 147-148

„… /Seite:147 Marshall, Alfred Principles of Economics EA: Bd. 1 (alles Erschienene), London-New York …” „… Kommentierung von C.W. Guillebaud, für die Royal Economics Society London, New York: Macmillan, 1961 …” „… : The New Palgrave. A Dictionary of Economics, Bd. 3, London et al.: Macmillan, 1987, S. 350–363 …”

Mundell, Robert Alexander: International Economics S. 163-164

„… ) geboren. Er studierte am MIT und der London School of Economics und wurde 1956 promoviert. Nach diversen …” „… . Arnd Busche/Michael Welling International Economics EA: New York: Macmillan, 1968. International …” „… Economics ist eine Sammlung von Aufsätzen, die Mundell zwischen 1957 und 1968 publizierte. Die drei …”

Allais, Maurice: A la recherche d’une discipline économique S. 16-17

„… l’honneur de Maurice Allais, Paris: Economica, 1986; M. Allais/O. Hagen (Hg.): Cardinalism. A Fundamental …”

Bertrand, Joseph Louis François: »Théorie mathématique de la richesse sociale« par Leon Walras. »Recherches sur les principes mathématiques de la théorie des richesses« par Augustin Cournot S. 28-29

„… «, in: Bell Journal of Economics, 14, 1983, S. 326–337; J. Roberts: »Perfectly and Imperfectly …” „… Competitive Markets«, in: J. Eatwell/M. Milgate/P. Newman (Hg.): The New Palgrave. A Dictionary of Economics …”

Buchanan, James M./Gordon Tullock: The Calculus of Consent S. 38-40

„… Eller Professor of Economics and Political Science an der University of Arizona, von 1999 bis 2008 war …” „… er Professor für Law and Economics an der George Mason University. Gordon Tullock starb am 3.11.2014 …” „… tatsächliches Handeln in repräsentativen Demokratien liefern? Lit.: J.M. Buchanan: »Constitutional Economics …”

Coase, Ronald Harry: The Nature of the Firm S. 47-48

„… lehrte er an der London School of Economics, während des Zweiten Weltkriegs war er als Statistiker für …” „… Vereinigungen erhielt der Herausgeber des Journal of Law & Economics (1962–1982) den Nobelpreis für …” „… Ökonomischen Analyse des Rechts. Thomas Hart The Nature of the Firm EA: in: Economica, 4, 1937, S. 386–405. AA …”

Cournot, Antoine Augustin: Recherches sur les principes mathématiques de la théorie des richesses S. 51-52

„… . Shubik: »Cournot, Antoine Augustin«, in: The New Palgrave. A Dictionary of Economics, Bd. 1, London …”

Dornbusch, Rüdiger: Open Economy Macroeconomics S. 55-56

„… Außenwirtschaftslehre, München: Vahlen, 1996; G. Gandolfo: International Economics II. International Monetary Theory and …”

Gossen, Hermann Heinrich: Entwickelung der Gesetze des menschlichen Verkehrs, und der daraus fließenden Regeln für menschliches Handeln S. 67-69

„… /Version: 15.06.19 - 18:56/Seite:69 engl. Pure Economics, 1898) stellt er die Menger-Jevons-Walrassche Wert …” „… Economics. The Years of Transition. From Cournot to Jevons, London: Macmillan, 1993; L. Walras: »Un …”

Haberler, Gottfried: Der internationale Handel S. 72-73

„… gilt er als Mitbegründer der Schule der »Harvard Economics«. Haberler war ein Verfechter des …”

Harsanyi, John C./Reinhard Selten: A General Theory of Equilibrium Selection in Games S. 79-81

„… M.A. erhielt. 1954 wurde er Lecturer in Economics an der University of Queensland. Von 1956 bis 1958 …”

Jevons, William Stanley: The Theory of Political Economy S. 94-95

„… Economics (1905) handelt es sich um ein posthum veröffentlichtes Fragment. The Theory of Political Economy …” „… Economics, London: Palgrave- Macmillan, 2000, Bd. 1–3. DA: Die Theorie der Politischen Ökonomie, Jena: G …” „… , 1986; S.J. Peart: The Economics of W.S. Jevons, London: Routledge, 1996; M. Schabas: A World Ruled by …”

Keynes, John Maynard: The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money S. 99-100

„… Monetary Economics, London: Butterworths, 1983; R.W. Dimand: The Origins of the Keynesian Revolution. The …” „… Maynard Keynes, Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1986; A. Leijonhufvud: On Keynesian Economics and the Economics …”

Malthus, Thomas Robert: An Essay on the Principle of Population, S. 141-142

„… 1990«, in: The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 108/3, 1993, S. 681–716; M. Livi- Bacci: Storia minima …”

Menger, Carl: Grundsätze der Volkswirthschaftslehre S. 154-156

„… the Austrian School of Economics, Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1973; B.J. Caldwell (Hg.): Carl Menger …” „… and his Legacy in Economics, History of Political Economy, Annual Supplement zu Bd. 22, Durham-London …”

Mill, John Stuart: Principles of Political Economy S. 159-160

„… , Menger, Walras) allmählich abgelöst. In Marshalls Principles of Economics (1890) fand dieses Lehrbuch …”

Mises, Ludwig von: Nationalökonomie S. 161-162

„… ). EEA: Human Action. A Treatise on Economics, rev. Aufl., London: William Hodge & Co., 1949. Aufgrund …”

Musgrave, Richard Abel: The Theory of Public Finance S. 165-166

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Olson, Mancur: The Logic of Collective Action S. 182-184

„… . in Economics). Zuletzt unterrichtete er als Distinguished Professor of Economics an der University of …” „… Action«, in: J. Eatwell/M. Milgate/P. Newman (Hg.): The New Palgrave. A Dictionary of Economics, Bd. 1 …”

Ricardo, David: On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation S. 200-201

„… Grenznutzenbetrachtung aus ihrem Fokus. Lit.: S. Hollander: The Economics of David Ricardo, Toronto- Buffalo-London: U of …”

Sombart, Werner: Der Moderne Kapitalismus S. 225-227

„… Historical Contract Structures«, in: International Review of Law and Economics, 9, 1989, S. 223–226; ders …”

Stackelberg, Heinrich Freiherr von: Marktform und Gleichgewicht S. 230-231

„… deutscher Ökonomen die angelsächsischen, neoklassischen Mainstream-Economics in Deutschland wieder ein …” „… verwandten, aber weniger formalen preistheoretischen Schriften wie Robinsons The Economics of Imperfect …”

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Banking Supervision and COVID-19

Series: Beck International

Volume 2021 C.H.BECK, München

Results in this title

I. Economic Background S. 193-196

„… N. Key regulatory and market challenges for financial institutions I. Economic Background 1The …” „… COVID-19 crisis is unprecedented in many ways. From an economic and financial market perspective, it has …” „… changed the economic environment within a few weeks. Contrary to previous global crises, it simultaneously …”

IV. Macroeconomic forecasts S. 67-74

„… . 45021. D. IFRS 9 and the COVID-19 Pandemic Grünberger/Vandervoort 67 economic conditions. Information …” „… business cycle and future economic conditions55. On the contrary, for prudential regulatory purposes, the …” „… the economic characteristics of the financial instruments at the reporting date”57. After all, IFRS 9 …”

V. Conclusions S. 190-193

„… to ensure that the current economic crisis triggered by COVID-19 will not be followed by a banking …” „… each bank.69 In any case everything must be done to prevent that the economic crisis caused by the …” „… European Banking Supervision can help fight the economic consequences of the coronavirus outbreak in Europe …”

IV. The ECB’s public sector purchase programmes in the courts S. 259-265

„… primary objective, the ECB is also requested to support the general economic policies in the EU with a …” „… economic policies in the EU. As regards the monetary policy more specifically, Article 3 para. 1c) TFEU …” „… Bundesverfassungsgericht maintains that it is nevertheless necessary to distinguish monetary policy from economic policy …”

I. The Corona Crisis S. 1-2

„… crisis, or to be more precise the health, social and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are …” „… severe economic slow-down which is expected to turn into a potentially deep global recession6 with …” „… economic effects. As a consequence of the lockdown measures numerous businesses, in particular in certain …”

I. Introduction S. 179-180

„… anniversary” of the last financial and economic global crisis, which started in 2007 and came to its climax in …” „… economic and financil crisis in 2007 and the current crisis we are facing. The COVID-19-crisis is not …” „… crisis, Speech Given at Economic Club of New York, 19.10.2018, https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/speech …”

V. The legality of the PEPP S. 265-268

„… economic and fiscal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic that, in view of the ECB, could jeopardise the …” „… . According to the ECB’s analysis underlying the PEPP,56 economic activity across the euro area is declining …” „… Behrens/Schadtle 265 its reasoning underlying the PSPP. The ECB merely asserts that the economic shock produced by …”

II. COVID-19 driven legislative measures implemented relevant for banks S. 149-162

„… 11/2020 of 31 March 2020 on the adoption of urgent social and economic complementary measures to manage …” „… 17 March 2020 (Royal Decree 8/2020) on urgent extraordinary measures to address the economic and …” „… supplementary urgent measures to address the economic and social impact of COVID-19 (Royal Decree 11/2020). 15 a …”

I. Introduction S. 130-131

„… economic and production system. The Italian government, in particular, was one of the firsts to resort to a …” „… ended on 18 May 2020, pursuant to Law Decree No 33 of 16 May 2020. 2 Bank of Italy, Economic bulletin No …” „… credit to the economy. If the flow of credit is severely constrained, economic activity will decelerate …”

II. Regulatory challenges for banks during the crisis S. 196-203

„… the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting economic impacts, as described in the previous section, pose in …” „… the same time, a less favorable economic outlook or actual defaults may lead to an increase in loan …” „… market risks, leading to higher regulatory and economic capital requirements. Hedging costs will rise due …”

V. Conclusion S. 128-130

„… consequence of the urgency with which action was needed after the economic consequences of the pandemic hit …” „… , national governments imposed unprecedented restrictions on the economic and production system. The Italian …” „… May 2020. 2 Bank of Italy, Economic bulletin No 1/2020, published on 17 January 2020 …”

II. Purposes pursued by the dividend recommendation S. 43-48

„… corporations amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19)related economic shock26. In turn, the conservation of …” „… supervision: how ECB Banking Supervision is contributing to fighting the economic fallout from the coronavirus …” „… banking industry includes “generating economic returns to owners”40. In 2015 the BCBS omitted this …”

I. Introduction S. 219-220

„… ensure sufficient lending capacity of banks to households and the real economy in a situation of economic …” „… economic and fiscal measures adopted to address the adverse economic effects of the lockdown restrictions …” „… , i.e. in line with market conditions because a private economic investor would carry it out on the same …”

VI. Excursus: Asset relief measures S. 231-236

„… State; ii The measure confers an economic advantage to undertakings; iii This advantage is selective and …” „… , such that the measures did not confer an economic advantage to the financial institutions concerned. 63 …” „… NPL securitisation vehicles, and, as such, there was no economic advantage being conferred to the …”

IV. Conclusion S. 38-40

„… buffers taking account of economic and market conditions and individual bank circumstances.107 60 d …” „… final), p. 4 stressing the need to ensure a level-playing field and that the economic shock caused by …” „… Recommendation needs to be upheld in the fourth quarter of 2020 “taking into account the economic environment …”

IV. This book S. 4-7

„… without a doubt a relevant economic player26. However, whether it keeps its economic weight depends on how …” „… had profound socio-economic implications. The Union legislators have moved in swiftly to soften the …” „… banking sector is expected to play in limiting the economic impact of the crisis4. This section reviews …”

VII. A possible way forward S. 177-179

„… ago speeches were delivered marking the “tenth anniversary” of the last financial and economic global …” „… . Indeed there is a fundamental difference between the economic and financil crisis in 2007 and the current …” „… crisis, Speech Given at Economic Club of New York, 19.10.2018, https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/speech …”

IV. Conclusion S. 216-219

„… economic recovery, it has already become clear that the resulting recession will be the deepest in post-war …” „… era. Although the corona crisis does not have its roots in the financial system, the massive economic …” „… mainly driven by the uncertainty in the economic outlook that has already led to significantly increased …”

III. Preliminary assessment of the supervisory measures taken by the ECB S. 34-38

„… continue financing businesses and households despite the economic crisis. The reaction to the …” „… order to foster economic growth in the Union and adequate funding of the real economy”. Part 2. The …” „… built up in times of growth and can be used in an economic crisis. For other measures, such as the …”

II. Addressing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the solvency of banks S. 220-221

„… also impact the banking sector. Despite far-reaching economic and fiscal measures adopted to address …” „… the adverse economic effects of the lockdown restrictions, it is to be expected that some enterprises …” „… conditions because a private economic investor would carry it out on the same terms. As a general rule, such …”

I. The content of the Dividend Recommendation S. 40-43

„… “taking into account the economic environment, the stability of the financial system and the reliability …” „… fight the economic consequences of the coronavirus outbreak in Europe, available on the ECB website at …” „… evaluate the economic situation and consider whether further suspension of dividends is advisable19. 11 …”

II. Oversight of LSIs in general S. 180-181

„… affected by the economic impact of the corona crisis and by the corresponding supervisory and regulatory …” „… supervised entity on the basis of different criteria, namely the size criterion, the economic importance …” „… consequence of the global economic and banking crisis and since then has ensured that all affiliated banks …”

III. Implications for the 2020 bonus decision in respect of the bonus for 2019 S. 242-243

„… COVID-19 pandemic were noted already end of 2019, its severe economic and social impact hit Germany only …” „… financial situation might be negatively impacted or even significantly deteriorate due to the economic …” „… current projections come true and the expected general economic downturn, and related 25 So-called …”

III. Supervisory measures adopted by the Bank of Italy to confront the pandemic S. 135-145

„… the EBA and the ECB had previously decided. The particularly fragile economic and financial situation …” „… crisis, Governments’ economic policy responses were oriented towards the real economy and, as well known …” „… stressed that remuneration and, in particular, its variable portion should reflect the current economic …”

II. The broader context at a glimpse S. 2-3

„… economic and social consequences.11 From an economic angle, the crisis also revealed the vulnerabilities of …” „… virtually all areas of production16 which may change established economic structures. The 9 …” „… https://www.dbresearch.com/PROD/RPS_EN-PROD/PROD0000000000468705/Digital_economics %3A_How_AI_and_robotics_are_changin.pdf?undefined&realload=Y3 …”

III. Overview of the individual changes pronounced for supervision S. 118-128

„… declare that it considers the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing economic crisis as an instance of stress …” „… . The lockdown, and the economic slump which will likely extend far beyond the end of the lockdown …” „… (Bundesgesetzblatt) vol. 2020, part I p. 569. – The other major legislative response to the pandemic was the Economic …”

II. Italy’s legislative provisions on banking supervision in response to the Corona crisis S. 131-135

„… authorities, specific economic sectors etc. 8 Law Decree No 18/2020 was published in the Gazzetta Ufficiale No …” „… extraordinary economic effects of the COVID-19 emergency, the said statutory provisions extend until 31 December …” „… importance from foreign acquirers that may try to take advantage of the exceptional economic situation caused …”

II. General principles S. 238-242

„… economic factors and prudential parameters (so-called affordability test, Sec. 7(1) sent. 3 IVV). In doing …” „… overall assessment, taking into consideration economic factors including their risk-bearing capacity …” „… COVID-19 pandemic were noted already end of 2019, its severe economic and social impact hit Germany only …”

I. Introduction S. 236-238

„… in March 2020, but also in enormous economic challenges. It is expected that the gross domestic …” „… available until 13 July 2020. 1 ECB, Economic Bulletin Issue 3/2020, 14 May 2020. 2 EBA, Thematic Note …” „… current economic situation. Remuneration, and in particular variable remuneration, should be set at a …”

I. Context of the measures S. 7

III. COVID-19 driven supervisory measures taken by Banco de España S. 162-165

„… the real economy, such as, those prompted by COVID-19 outbreak, in order to facilitate the economic …” „… exceptional situation to complement the extraordinary emergency measures to address the economic and social …” „… effect of forecasts of future economic conditions in the estimation of credit risk coverage should be …”

IV. Relevance of globally consistent measures from supervisors and policymakers S. 171-172

„… also a transmission mechanism for authorities to minimize the pandemic’s economic fallout. 27Due to the …” „… banks could continue to fulfil their role in funding the real economy as the economic effects of the …”

I. Overview S. 148-149

„… lockdown, border closures, suspension of non-essential economic activity for two weeks, private health …” „… aimed at mitigating the severe social and economic effects of the COVID-19 outbreak in the country. 3 As …”

I. Introduction S. 254-255

„… ? I. Introduction 1 In light of the dramatic economic and financial circumstances associated with the …” „… monetary policy transmission mechanism and the economic outlook in the euro area, which are posed by the …”

III. Compatibility of public investment with resolution regime S. 226-230

„… response to potential losses resulting from the mid- to long-term economic developments following the …” „… specific time horizon, while relevant changes in respect of the economic situation of an institution …” „… should only be used to address difficulties which may arise in the context of an “unlikely economic …”

IV. Implications for variable remuneration for performance in 2020 S. 243-250

„… the expected general economic downturn, and related 25 So-called modification right (Gestaltungsrecht …” „… institutions, may be subsequently adjusted in light of the changed economic environment. This question may be …” „… unforeseeable changes in the economic environment that are beyond the institution’s responsibility and control …”

III. What does this mean for banking supervision in Europe? S. 3-4

„… struggling with being a strong unified actor in the political arena is without a doubt a relevant economic …” „… player26. However, whether it keeps its economic weight depends on how it will be able to cope with the …” „… https://www.dbresearch.com/PROD/RPS_EN-PROD/PROD0000000000468705/Digital_economics %3A_How_AI_and_robotics_are_changin.pdf?undefined&realload=Y3 …”

IV. Conclusion S. 94-97

„… municipal elections, but also adopted special measures to mitigate the economic consequences of the pandemic …” „… and authorized the Government to legislate by means of ordinances.5/6 1. The economic and legal …”

V. Conclusions S. 146-148

„… pandemic (e.g. strict lockdown, border closures, suspension of non-essential economic activity for two …” „… it also included legislative initiatives aimed at mitigating the severe social and economic effects …” „… even more economical difficulties for households and enterprises, with a subsequent increase in …”

III. Measures intending to promote the granting of loans to corporates S. 104-111

„… make a sustainable contribution to economic growth. In this regard, the HCSF defines macro-prudential …” „… from the current economic shock resulting from the health emergency measures (hereafter the State …” „… promoting funding for SMEs suffering from the economic consequences of the COVID-19 crisis and the health …”

II. Impairment under IFRS 9 S. 59-61

„… regulatory, economic, or technological environment of the borrower that results in a significant change in …” „… cycle and the future economic outlook. For this she makes assumptions and macroeconomic forecasts. III …”

III. Collective assessment S. 61-67

„… cycle and the future economic outlook. For this she makes assumptions and macroeconomic forecasts. III …” „… portfolio. Conversely, during an upturn, not all exposures benefitting from the good economic environment …” „… economic distribution of different rating qualities within a portfolio. 41 Please note that the three other …”

I. Introduction S. 23-25

„… the economic shock caused by the corona crisis.11 The underlying rationale is that credit institutions …” „… tightening of credit standards could, instead, lead to a credit crunch and aggravate the economic crisis …”

V. Material scope of application S. 51-53

„… dividends (or vice versa81), given this similarity many of the findings of economic literature in relation …” „… economic equivalence between dividend payments and share buy-backs is reflected in Article 60(1)(b) of …” „… growth of repurchases and the resilience of dividends, Journal of Financial Economics, 118(2), 2015, pp …”

II. Analysis of the supervisory measures taken by the ECB S. 25-34

„… ensure that credit institutions accumulate, during periods of economic growth, a sufficient capital base …” „… institutions accumulate, during periods of economic growth, a sufficient capital base to absorb losses in …” „… economic growth that may be used in crisis times.34 www.bafin.de; see the press release of the National …”

II. Description of the pre-existing (Capital Requirements Regulation) CRR regime and the Commission proposal for quick fixes S. 7-15

„… . Context of the measures 1The Corona pandemic1 has had profound socio-economic implications. The Union …” „… emphasised the key role that the EU banking sector is expected to play in limiting the economic impact of the …” „… application of IFRS 9 standard during the economic downturn caused by the Corona pandemic may lead to a sudden …”

I. Background S. 97-100

„… measures to mitigate the economic consequences of the pandemic and authorized the Government to legislate …” „… by means of ordinances.5/6 1. The economic and legal environment 2These measures, which are nowadays …”

III. Upcoming challenges for the European banking industry in the long-run S. 203-216

„… interest rates, the sovereign debt crisis, less economic growth and structural challenges – still lack …” „… consolidation among banks and across countries. Why should COVID-19 drive this trend? Because the economic …” „… Boersch/Erb/Lellmann/Woyand 205 economic outlook. Risk-weighted assets also increased in some cases, possibly due to declining …”

II. Relations with the ACPR S. 100-104

„… economic growth. In this regard, the HCSF defines macro-prudential policy and carries out the tasks …” „… State guarantee provided to loans granted to the companies suffering from the current economic shock …”

III. Compatibility of public investment with State aid rules and conditionality S. 221-226

„… current financial and economic crisis (OJ C 83, 7 April 2009 p. 1)), aimed at maintaining the liquidity of …” „… context of the financial and economic crisis, 5 October 2011, SEC (2011) 1126. 24 Point 31 Temporary …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVI

„… ................................................................................................ ......................................... 97 1. The economic and legal environment …” „… )................................................................................................ .......... 193 I. Economic Background …” „… Central Bank and external lecturer at Vienna University of Economics and Business Denise Bauer-Weiler, UBS …”

I. Internal models – a short recap S. 74-75

„… to the necessity to work remotely, the economic distress, and a potentially shifted focus of the …”

III. Crisis specific ad-hoc reporting expectations S. 170-171

„… authorities to minimize the pandemic’s economic fallout. 27Due to the global nature of the business activities …”

IV. Legislative measures S. 189-190

„… to ensure that the current economic crisis triggered by COVID-19 will not be followed by a banking …”

II. The PEPP as temporary crisis intervention S. 255-256

„… monetary policy transmission mechanism and the economic outlook in the euro area, which are posed by the …”

IV. Emergency national measures on banking resolution S. 145-146

„… extraordinary challenge: SRB actions to support efforts to mitigate the economic impact of the COVID-19 outbreak …” „… lending would determine even more economical difficulties for households and enterprises, with a …”

VI. Conclusion S. 252-254

„… ? I. Introduction 1 In light of the dramatic economic and financial circumstances associated with the …”

II. Operational relief measures regarding internal models S. 75-77

„… working modalities due to the necessity to work remotely, the economic distress, and a potentially shifted …”

V. Possible amendments to remuneration systems in reaction to COVID-19 S. 250-252

„… ’ concern will be that in a downturn economic cycle where most institutions perform poorly, relative …”

III. Supervisory and regulatory reliefs in reaction to corona crisis for LSIs S. 181-189

„… entirely without government support, was established in the 1930s as a consequence of the global economic …” „… to support efforts to mitigate the economic impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, 1 April 2020 …”

IV. Lessons learned S. 20-23

„… , Flexibility in supervision: how ECB Banking Supervision is contributing to fighting the economic fallout from …”

V. Fungibility of resources and fragmentation of the playing field S. 172-175

„… directly supervised banks could continue to fulfil their role in funding the real economy as the economic …”

I. Introduction S. 269-272

„… objectives pursued by the ECB are not disproportionate to the economic and fiscal policy effects resulting …”

VI. Practical application S. 53-57

„… should an obligation exist to carry them out. The economic equivalence between dividend payments and …”

III. Final CRR amendments adopted by the co-legislators on 24 June 2020 S. 15-20

„… serious economic disturbance in the orderly functioning and integrity of the financial markets109. Thus …”

III. National laws on suspending time-limits in supervisory procedures S. 89-94

„… regulation, if it is appropriate for the purpose of financial market stability or economic reasons. The same …”

II. The Banking Union-judgement S. 272-278

„… central part of their economic governance.41 17 The Bundesverfassungsgericht further held that this …”

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Der Euro in stürmischen Zeiten

2016 C.H.BECK, München

Results in this title

Toward a Genuine Economic and Monetary Union? S. 291-293

„… Toward a Genuine Economic and Monetary Union?1 Otmar Issing Since Europe’s Economic and Monetary …” „… ; economic, financial, and fiscal union; and a political union that provides the foundation for the rest …” „… . But 1 The article appeared in: Project Syndicate, 28.09.2015. 310 Toward a Genuine Economic and …”

A Leading Voice in Economic Affairs and Monetary Policy S. 305-306

„… Professor of Economics at Harvard University and President Emeritus of the National Bureau of Economic …” „… A Leading Voice in Economic Affairs and Monetary Policy Martin Feldstein1 I am happy to contribute …” „… Research. 328 A Leading Voice in Economic Affairs and Monetary Policy the flexibility of wages, shifts in …”

The Euro: Does a Currency Need a State? S. 17-30

„… Economic Community”, the “European Monetary System” and finally the “European Monetary Union”. The openness …” „… economic cooperation. It soon emerged that the economic route was the obvious one to take – and likely also …” „… lead to the creation of a European Economic Community (and a European Atomic Energy Community, known as …”

The Case for Political Union isn’t Convincing S. 202-205

„… “Europe” – which is to say the economic and monetary union (EMU) – with a choice – either deepen political …” „… degree on its economic success, on growth and employment. This is also the basis on which Europe has been …” „… economy in the world capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social …”

A New Paradigm for Monetary Policy? S. 206-221

„… an opportunity of showing their economic wisdom – or folly. Monetary history reveals the fact that …” „… memories of the Great Depression and its dire economic, political and social consequences. From the many …” „… economic risks and political pressure. Paradoxical as it seems, the very consequence of large unorthodox …”

In Search of Monetary Stability: the Evolution of Monetary Policy S. 31-59

„… central bank, the economic analysis underpinning monetary policy decisions and the central bank’s …” „… influence of Ludwig Ehrhard, the father of the so-called “economic miracle”. The second was the high public …” „… specific structural, economic model or suite of models, and such models for the euro were still in their …”

Rigor of Intellect, Strength of Character and Gentleness of Manner S. 326-328

„… . Subsequently we met on several occasions at conferences and economic policy fora, but I really came to know …” „… ECB’s monetary policy strategy; the assessment of the economic outlook and the formulation of monetary …” „… , which combines and cross-checks the results of economic and monetary analyses. When, in 2003, it was …”

The Development of Monetary Policy in the 20th Century – Some Reflections S. 97-120

„… . Issing, O. (2006), “Europe's Hard Fix: the Euro Area”, International Economics and Economic Policy, 3 (3 …” „… rulers of society have an opportunity of showing their economic wisdom – or folly. 3 This applies …” „… economic stability and full employment and that the foreign-exchange rates must be adjusted so as to …”

Lessons for Monetary Policy: What Should the Consensus Be? S. 131-148

„… economic conditions, the ECB’s strategy may be regarded as facilitating the adoption of a robust monetary …” „… taken by the supervisory authorities. Role of Money and Credit Progress in economic research is not …” „… linear. Economic theory develops in cycles – one might even sometimes speak of fashions – even with loops …”

The Architect of the ECB’s Monetary Policy Strategy S. 302-304

„… first got to know Otmar over a dinner in Brussels when he joined the Economic and Financial Committee …” „… two “pillars” of economic and monetary analysis. Though this was questioned by some academics at the …” „… fixed but depends on the nature of economic shocks affecting the outlook. Short-term developments that …”

Forward Guidance: A New Challenge for Central Banks S. 234-244

„… Symposium “Banking Union, Monetary Policy and Economic Growth”, Athens, 19 June 2014. 2 I am grateful for …” „… Critical Remarks There exists broad agreement that the financial crisis ended in an economic downturn which …” „… the economy. The extent to which the interest rate will actually be lowered, or economic activity …”

Monetary Policy and Balance Sheet Adjustment S. 227-233

„… correction process after the collapse of an unsustainable economic and financial boom. 243Challenges for …” „… Financial Sector”, American Economic Review, 104 (2), pp. 379- 421. Caruana, J. (2014), “Global liquidity …” „… March. Christiano, L., Motto, R., Rostagno, M. (2014), “Risk shocks”, American Economic Review, 104 (1 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XII

„… held the Chair of Economics, Monetary Affairs and International Economic Relations, to the Board of the …” „… monetary and economic analysis as a basis for monetary policy. It was after he left the ECB in 2006 that …” „… and their transmission through Europe’s banking and financial system. Rarely has good economic advice …”

Blame Germany for Bad Policies, not its Reluctance to Spend More S. 267-268

„… asked to give advice to a country on its economic policy. The country enjoys near-full employment; its …” „… should not be expansionary, too. Where is the economic textbook that argues that such a country should …” „… economic reasoning and demand that Berlin “do more”. The weakest argument is that Germany, unlike a number …”

The German Leadership Question S. 224-226

„… the source of their suffering is a rigid economic‐austerity regime – including reductions in wages and …” „… of good economic policies for others to emulate. It should lead by respecting the commitments …” „… current economic position and will move in the direction of problem countries. 239The German Leadership …”

Get Your Finances in Order and Stop Blaming Germany S. 222-223

„… interest if the country led by example. Unfortunately, it may be undermining its economic dominance by …” „… bring public finances under control. This would reward bad policies and punish sound economic management …” „… sound economics. As well as stable money and solid public finances, that means competition, flexible …”

Slithering to the Wrong Kind of Union S. 149-151

„… Slithering to the Wrong Kind of Union1 Otmar Issing The crisis of European economic and monetary …” „… threaten the collapse of the most successful project of economic integration in the history of mankind. …”

New Financial Order: Recommendations by the Issing Committee S. 60-67

„… Procyclicality Procyclicality is the term used to characterise financial and economic systems prone to credit …” „… , there is ample microeconomic evidence of procyclical behavior on the part of virtually all the economic …” „… effective if such warnings are taken into account early-on in economic policy decisions. • Develop a more …”

An Independent Mind of Fundamental Honesty S. 300-301

„… the Economic and Research Directorates. There was no better choice. He displayed in this new function …”

Higher German Wages are not the Solution S. 92-93

„… , however. At the same time, the idea of a “European economic government” has also been revived. High up on …” „… economically absurd and politically dangerous concept. The economics are wrong because balancing current …” „… , is so economically erroneous and politically dangerous that it would hardly deserve being taken …”

Germany is Right: Bondholders Must Pay S. 129-130

„… monetary union since the start. The economic crisis, however, has brought forth a Babel of voices. A recent …”

Europe’s Political Union is an Idea Worthy of Satire S. 178-180

„… that of Germany, teaches us that the idea of sustaining an economic and monetary union over time …”

Impressive Ethics of Responsibility S. 307-309

„… limited costs in terms of economic activity and employment. It was a pragmatic choice, grounded on …”

Moral Hazard will Result from ECB Bond Buying S. 154-156

„… states would create the biggest conceivable moral hazard. On top of these alarming economic and monetary …”

“His name will forever be linked to the conception, birth and infancy of the euro” S. 323-325

„… years ago: the tendency to look at the ethical underpinnings of economic arguments. I am sure that these …” „… Bundesbank. I was Professor of Economics at Bocconi University, focusing on monetary economics, as Professor …” „… .” Martin Wolf, chief economics commentator of the Financial Times, whose sharp criticisms of the euro and …”

Blending Theory with Practice in a Principled but Pragmatic Way S. 350-352

„… , that he thought the introduction of the euro should come 1 Chairman of the Economic and Development …”

Why a Common Eurozone Bond isn’t Such a Good Idea S. 68-71

„… would be the surest way to commit economic suicide. But it therefore came as no surprise that the idea …”

Some Lessons from the Financial Market Crisis S. 75-88

„… .), An Economic Interpretation of Our Time: The Lowell Lectures. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Princeton …” „… financial sector but also, at least for some, that of capitalism itself. Economics as a science has suffered …” „… in a similar way. The reputation of mainstream economics has been undermined, rightly or wrongly, by …”

„Gute Politik braucht rigorose ökonomische Analyse und Urteilsvermögen“ S. 245-262

„… vergessen, an dem ich mit der ausgewählten Gruppe exzellenter Ökonomen aus den Generaldirektionen Economics …”

An Outstanding Theorist and Practitioner S. 294-296

„… of Economics at the Warsaw School of Economics and former member of the High-Level Group on Financial …”

“People with integrity and intellectual conviction are needed more than ever” S. 310-311

„… Intellectual Conviction based on intellectual respect and a mutual love of economics, music and sport was born …” „… I win on grass. And I always value his thoughts on economics and current developments. When Otmar …” „… know about monetary economics, from Aristotle to Adam Smith, and from Goethe to Bob Lucas. When the …”

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Merck

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2018 C.H.BECK, München

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2. 1924–1935: Economic Consolidation S. 253-292

„… 2. 1924–1935: Economic Consolidation 1924–1935 2.1 General development Th e already mentioned …” „… culling the product range, which contributed to a marked economic consolidation by 1928.19 In light of …” „… even to 39 million reichsmarks.30 However, during the world economic crisis, it had then dropped again …”

Introduction S. 9-27

„… , economic and corporate historians considered family-owned fi rms “a kind of discontinued model.”4 Th e …” „… economic position. Th is can be investigated here in a long-term study and addressed against the …” „… century onwards, the infl uence of wider historical and economic events aff ected the fi rm even more. Th …”

Conclusion S. 484-499

„… generations, and securing this wealth meant observing the habits of early-modern bourgeois economic life: Th …” „… of economic life in the 18th century. From the very beginning, the Merck family maintained a …” „… economic potential. His training in Erfurt, Eisenach, Frankfurt, Strasbourg, Berlin, and Vienna extended …”

3. 1933–1948: Research Stagnation and Armaments Deals S. 293-350

„… demands according to their own economic logic and less for the sake of Nazi ideology. Th ey typically …” „… “‘symbiosis’ based on mutual concessions and coordination of economic interests”3 between National Socialism …” „… emerging exceptional economic boom in the course of which the order books began to fi ll up again. Th e …”

Bibliography S. 659-694

„… , Th e competition eff ects of the single market in Europe, in: Economic Policy 13 (1998), pp. 439–486 …” „… : Th e Journal of Economic History 70 /4 (2010), pp. 921–939. Idem, Wirtschaftsgeschichte des …” „… , 1880–1930, in: Business and Economic History 9 (2011), pp. 1–14. Gall, Lothar, Bürgertum in Deutschland …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… Political-economic background, the death of Emanuel Merck, focus on tradition …” „… in the food and agricultural industries . . . . . . . . . . 249 2. 1924–1935: Economic …”

1. Reconstruction during the Wirtschaftswunder S. 351-406

„… great economic hardship. Average income began to drop sharply in 1943 and by 1946 was only half of what …” „… interest rate increase. Th is put a temporary damper on the economic revival and caused unemployment to …” „… price reform, the third important factor in this rapid economic revival was the Marshall Plan. U.S …”

1. 1914–1923: The Family-Owned Company in Times of Crisis S. 217-252

„… an optimistic picture of continuous economic growth in the Grand Dutchy’s residential city. As …” „… regulations of the Reich, and another 500 city ordinances.25 Merck reacted to the economic regulations in …” „… fl owed to Darmstadt.78 German-American economic relations gradually began to normalize again …”

3. 1805–1827: Emergence into the Modern Age: Emanuel Merck and the Transitional Period of the Merck Pharmacy S. 83-98

„… occasion of marriages that invoked family loyalty as the basis of economic success.4 But at the same time …” „… , crisis-prone economic region. Darmstadt, in particular, was cut off from the main traffi c arteries, making …” „… one may assume that this petition involved a certain dramatization of the economic situation of the …”

2. The Langmann Era S. 407-472

„… initial post-boom era was characterized by stagfl ation, meaning low economic growth coupled with high …” „… in West German history. Importantly, weak economic growth caused a permanent increase in the …” „… successor, Christian Democrat Helmut Kohl, ran on a program of economic and political change. While little …”

Epilogue and Acknowledgments S. 500-502

„… and company history, it would have to address the political, economic, social, and scientifi c …”

Notes S. 503-646

„… , p. 31. 18 Gall, Krupp, dust-jacket text. On the relationship between economic and company history …”

3. 1880s/90s–1914: Conflicts, Modernization, Paternalism, Expansion S. 149-216

„… hour of the day […] the emergency measure of resorting to the reserve funds,”94 given the economic …” „… especially needful when the economic situation was bad.129 Wilhem Oeser, Ernst Lettermann and Wilhelm Möser …” „… general economic situation at this juncture had led many companies to mull over such associations.186 Th e …”

1. Beginnings S. 29-59

„… the customers were, and economic and political conditions, pharmacists might grow rich, or have only a …” „… economic upturn. However, the French incursions into Hesse-Darmstadt territory in the course of the wars of …” „… be understandable in view of the circumstances of the time, for the general economic situation had …”

2. 1758–1805: Pharmaceuticals and Money Lending: The Pillars of the Merck Business during the Age of Enlightenment S. 60-82

„… institutions, and to obtain a precise view of the economic and fi scal strength of the region by surveying the …” „… economic ladder – indeed, to prosper – were no doubt essential preconditions for this “business model.” As …” „… taken root socially and economically in Hesse-Darmstadt. Where did this enormous infl ux of capital come …”

1. 1827–1850s: From Pharmacy to Factory S. 99-123

„… economic organization and, with the accompanying manufacturing, into a business; the basic hallmarks of its …” „… democratic republican elected in the Paulskirche to represent Darmstadt,224 presumably hoping, for economic …” „… increasingly effi cient and economical; the quality of its products was recognized, demand was steady, and its …”

2. 1850s to the 1880s/90s: Partnership, Gradual Expansion, First Problems S. 124-148

„… youngest son also became an equal partner in the company.16 2.2 Political-economic background, the death …” „… of Emanuel Merck, focus on tradition Th e economic environment of the new company changed signifi …”

Index of persons S. 703-711

„… . About the Authors Carsten Burhop is Professor of Constitutional, Social and Economic History at the …”

3. A Company History of the Present S. 473-483

„… globalization, in particular, have increased economic competition and heightened response times.1 Numerous …”

List of Abbreviations S. 655-657

„… [Raw Materials-Products Compensation Trading Company] RWM Reichswirtschaftsministerium [Reich Economics …”

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Economically-dependent Workers as Part of a Decent Economy

Series: Beck International

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III. Improvement of the protection against economic risks – balancing the economic risks S. 280-286

„… economically-dependent workers.13 Besides, there are two significant economic risks for economically-dependent work-ers …” „… economically-dependent workers, with specific regard to the characteristics of their economic situa-tion. Certainly, the …” „… , the protection of economic-ally-dependent workers against economic risks is rather weak in the …”

II. ‘Economically-dependent workers’ as a relevant part of a decent economy – the need for the category of ‘economically-dependent workers’ S. 278-280

„… economically-dependent workers as specific groups as well.III. Improvement of the protection against economic risks …” „… –balancing the economic risks1. Economically-dependent workers and their underdeveloped protection12 As it …” „… economic risks for economically-dependent work-ers. Firstly, they have unlimited liability vis-à-vis their …”

A. Economically-dependent workers: The relevant International Labour Organization Standards (Trebilcock) S. 223-242

„… economic dependency.V. Standards on social protection40One of the main concerns of economically-dependent …” „… ECONOMICALLY-DEPENDENTWORKERS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LABOUR LAWA. Economically-dependent Workers: The relevantInternational Labour …” „… documents of potential relevance to economic-ally-dependent workers. These reflect a gradual move from the …”

II. Current situation of economically-dependent workers S. 3-9

„… , commerciallaw or economic law is considered.8Thirdly, EU law does not recognise economically-dependent workers …” „… , the book presents a proposal for integrating economic-ally-dependent workers into the European social …” „… economic-dependence as a legal, or at least a necessary category. On thecontrary, the responsible Committee regretted …”

III. Social protection for economically-dependent workers via new labour legislation S. 268-272

„… directives in order to grant economic-ally-dependent workers particular social rights. Such a ‘targeted …” „… .39To conclude, since a legal basis for directives on the social protection of economic-ally-dependent …” „… brings all economically-dependent workers within the scope of the existing labour law without any …”

IV. Social protection for economically-dependent workers within a globalised economy S. 286-287

„… economically dependent on a main principal.IV. Social protection for economically-dependent workerswithin a …” „… on economically-dependent workers would enhance international protection atthe global level, since …” „… economically-dependent workers.35 Regarding the countries examined, the European Union is the second importantcontributor …”

H. Slovenia (Tičar) S. 135-142

„… applyto them as well. By defining the concept of economic dependence and of economically-dependent person …” „… legal regime for economic-ally-dependent persons, which means that all self-employed persons, as well as …” „… performing work, called ‘economically-dependent self-employed person’ (Trabajador autónomo economicamente …”

L. Comparative Analysis (Schubert) S. 188-223

„… security law as well.49 Economically-dependent workers were notentitled to benefits based on their economic …” „… its size, or on its economic or social relevance. As long as thegroup of economically-dependent …” „… include economic-ally-dependent workers,72 EU law contains relevant provisions within the Single …”

I. Introduction S. 255-256

„… establishing the European EconomicCommunity (EEC) was based on the classical neo-liberal economic paradigm that …” „… ECONOMICALLY-DEPENDENTWORKERS WITHIN EU LAW – IN SEARCH FOR AUNICORN?I. Introduction1It is well known that the original Treaty …” „… market and its unleashing of economic forces,1which approach raised economic policy to the European level …”

A. Austria (Marhold) S. 9-24

„… that economic-ally-dependent workers rely on the income generated by the performance of work …” „… Temporary Work Agency Act) is also applicable to economic-ally-dependent workers (Section 3 paragraph 4 AÜG …” „… Austrian federal law on equal treatment also applies to economic-ally-dependent workers (Section 1 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVI

„… .................................................. Consejo Económico y Social (Spanish Economic and SocialCouncil)CEST …” „… citation:Schubert, Economically-dependent Workers, 2022,Ch. [#] mn. [#]www.beck.deISBN Print 978 3 406 76964 1 …” „… significant number of Europeancountries provide specific legal protection for so-called economically-dependent …”

E. Italy (Del Conte/Gramano) S. 77-91

„… . ‘Economically-dependent workers’ as a category of work1In Italy, the set of rules that governs the employment relationship …” „… ’, but who still experience situations of precarious-ness, economic dependence on one or a few principals …” „… include economic dependency as a condition of subordination or, moregenerally, as a condition to access …”

V. Conclusions S. 274-277

„… in order to assign economic-ally-dependent workers to the group of employed persons and thus have the …” „… able to know, without complex legal or economic analyses, whether EUcompetition law prevents them from …” „… thelong run – not be limited to economically-dependent workers who provide their labourthrough digital …”

B. The Self-employed Persons under the European Social Charter (Schlachter) S. 242-255

„… establishing the European EconomicCommunity (EEC) was based on the classical neo-liberal economic paradigm that …” „… ‘economically-dependent self-employed’, the European Social Charter (the Charter) might not be an obvious source oflaw to …” „… contractual status nor aneventual economic dependence on their customer is determinative for including them …”

II. Taking stock of EU law S. 256-268

„… a subgroup – economic-ally-dependent workers as well. However, as Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 …” „… Directive 86/653/EECprincipally covers all commercial agents and not only those agents who are economic-ally …” „… bring economic-ally-dependent workers as a whole under the protection of labour law. So far, there …”

G. Portugal (Abrantes) S. 117-135

„… that in both cases, the worker is economic-ally dependent on the beneficiary of the activity.93 …” „… . Economically-dependent Workers in the EU Member States118 AbrantesReemers Publishing Services GmbHo:/Beck …” „… Martinez, supra fn. 25, 326.Part I. Economically-dependent Workers in the EU Member States120 …”

F. The Netherlands (Houwerzijl) S. 91-117

„… categories of economically-dependent self-employed workers may fall underspecific parts of Dutch labour law …” „… some brief concluding remarks (see VII.).1 However, in June 2021, the Dutch Social-Economic Council …” „… (economically-dependent) solo self-employed with a so-called ‘VAR-wuo’,which can be translated as a ‘Declaration on the …”

I. The aim and the background of the present research project S. 1-3

„… economically-dependentworkers – forms of work within a differentiated economic orderI. The aim and the background of the present …” „… , commerciallaw or economic law is considered.8Thirdly, EU law does not recognise economically-dependent workers …” „… , the book presents a proposal for integrating economic-ally-dependent workers into the European social …”

IV. Collective bargaining and the role of competition law S. 272-274

„… in order to assign economic-ally-dependent workers to the group of employed persons and thus have the …” „… clarified that ‘economically-dependent work’ must be distinguished from the phenomenon of ‘disguised …” „… as some kind of ablueprint. Thus, a directive on economically-dependent workers could, for …”

B. France (Kessler/Big) S. 24-44

„… , there is no legal recognition of ‘economically-dependent self-employedworkers’, and they are not …” „… economic activity. However, from the very first pagesof the book, the author has been warning us that …” „… . Economically-dependent Workers in the EU Member States26 Kessler/BigReemers Publishing Services GmbHo:/Beck …”

I. Introduction S. 277-278

„… . Introduction1The definition of and the legal protection of ‘economically-dependent workers’ arehighly …” „… incentives to down-grade workers from ‘employees’ to ‘economically-dependent workers’.1 However, ananalysis …” „… is part of the protection forworkers in the world of work. However, economic law and commercial law …”

C. Germany (Schubert) S. 44-64

„… economically-dependent persons. Even though economic dependence is not a criterion for determin-ing employment …” „… economic-ally-dependent persons who work for only one principal and (almost) without staff,73 BSG, 5 July 2005 – B 2 U …” „… : arbeitnehmerähnliche Personen –‘employee-like persons’ or ‘economically-dependent workers’.2 This is not a homoge-neous …”

K. Excursus: UK (Davies) S. 169-188

„… theconcept of worker in English law should not be equated with the idea of the ‘economic-ally-dependent …” „… test] is to extend protection to workers who are, substantively and economic-ally, in the same position …” „… affects peoplewho are classified as workers in employment law.II. Workers and economically-dependent …”

D. Ireland (Doherty) S. 64-77

„… struggled.II. ‘Economically-dependent workers’ as a category of work1. The legislation6Who is classed as an …” „… , this volume, Part I K.9 Deakin/Morris, Labour Law, 2009, 164.Part I. Economically-dependent Workers in …” „… into (or independence from) theemployer’s organisation processes; ‘economic reality’ (the self-employed …”

I. Spain (Todolí-Signes) S. 142-153

„… , called ‘economically-dependent self-employed person’ (Trabajador autónomo economicamente dependiente …” „… ‘economically-dependent self-employed person’ (Trabaja-dor autónomo economicamente dependiente – TRADE). This concept is …” „… type of labour condition, including the conditions under which economic-ally-dependent self-employed …”

Bibliography S. 287-306

„… Publishing/Nomos 2014;Perulli, Economically dependent work/Parasubordination: legal, social and economic aspects …” „… 240.00mmMaziarz, Do Non-Economic Goals Count in Interpreting Article 101(3) TFEU?, 10 EuropeanCompetition …” „… ;Arthurs, Labor Law as the Law of Economic Subordination and Resistance: A Thought Experi-ment, 34(3 …”

J. Sweden (Westregård) S. 153-169

„… importance to economic-ally-dependent workers as well, regardless of how they are classified, that they …” „… idea of the ‘economic-ally-dependent worker’ even though some similarities are apparent. Second, I …” „… just between employees and the self-employed.2II. Economically-dependent workers as a category of …”

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Sustainable Business Management

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2023 uvk, Konstanz/München

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3‍ ‍Economic Perspective and Environmental Economics S. 41-62

„… Publishing House, Munich.58 3 Economic Perspective and Environmental EconomicsBlanco G., R. Gerlagh, S. Suh …” „… 3 Economic Perspective and Environmental Economics Christian Arndt and Marc Ringel Learning …” „… oftenachieved at the expense of environmental goals.44 3 Economic Perspective and Environmental Economics8 See …”

1‍ ‍Sustainable Business Management S. 17-30

„… 3: "Economic Perspective and Environmental Economics".3 Ardern, J. (2019), Prime Minister of New …” „… economic,ecological, and social system.The question of what contribution sustainable business management can make to …” „… the transformational pressure that the need for sustainable development iscreating in our economic …”

13‍ ‍Sustainable Procurement and Logistics Management S. 209-226

„… aretraditionally based on requirements of economic => sustainability. A decision to move to just-in-time (JIT …” „… which differ from anoptimum that pursues purely economic goals.In addition to this shift of optimum …” „… values, a number of economic, ecological, and socialdevelopments are forcing the adaptation of strategies …”

2‍ ‍Sustainability - An Introduction S. 31-40

„… .SocialEnvironmentalEconomicSustainabilityEnvironmentSocietyEconomyEnvironmental EconomicSocialSustainableFig. 2.1: Forms of representation of the dimensions of sustainability9A …” „… SocietyIntroductionPlanetary Boundaries and Society3. Economic Perspective and Environmental Economics4. Social Responsibility …” „… The publication ignited the discussion about sustainability, about people's economic and …”

Glossary S. 387-394

„… application".Donut Economics:Still fairly new model for describing sustainable economic activity, developed by Oxford …” „… , social, and economic aspectsare considered equally. Alternatively to 3-Pillar-Model the terms: dimensions …” „… economic value creation represents only a sectionof the contribution to the common good. In the concrete …”

17‍ ‍Sustainability Controlling S. 289-304

„… on 30 pages. This should include the business development, the economic,ecological, and social …” „… market-related,ecological and social aspects into the economic target figures for lasting corporate success."3Integration of …” „… Economic, Ecological, and Social Aspects:What distinguishes sustainable controlling from traditional …”

4‍ ‍Social Responsibility: From Profit to the Common Good - and Back Again S. 63-76

„… describes rather unattractive aspects of economic activity; cf. forexample Schaltegger S. et al., (1996 …” „… subsystems do indeed follow their own logic, as the economic subsystem, in particular, hasmade abundantly …” „… , www.handelsblatt.com/finance/maerkte/boerse-inside/us-top-managers-apple-and-amazon-want-to-give-up-the-shareholder-mantra/v_detail_tab_comments/24919706.html?ticket=ST-175480-cGXWp59fr7SIlYT26RBB-ap6.4 World Economic Forum (ed.) (2019): Davos …”

15‍ ‍Sustainable Product Management S. 245-274

„… theenvironmental and socio-economic foundations of future society life.This is relevant for product management …” „… insofar, as securing the future livelihood also formsthe basis for economic activities and their …” „… destruction makes economic activities impossible inthe long term.However, long-term sustainability issues are …”

8‍ ‍Legal Foundations of Responsible Corporate Governance S. 129-144

„… focus on the responsible and morally correctbehavior of economic decision-makers in an international …” „… socialresponsibility. It is based on the principle of sustainability and includes economic, ecological andsocial …” „… activities by companies aimed at reconciling economic, social and environmentalconcerns in their business …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Economic Perspective and Environmental Economics (Christian Arndt and MarcRingel …” „… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Need for Action and Adaptation for Companies from an Economic Point of ViewEconomics as a Discipline …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Strategic Approaches to Solving the Climate Crisis and Their Pitfalls EconomicPerspective …”

List of Authors S. 379-386

„… Perspective and Environ‐mental EconomicsChristian Arndt is a Professor of Economics,esp. Empirical Economic …” „… development site.Prof. Dr. Marc Ringel Chapter 3: Economic Perspective and Environ‐mental EconomicsProf. Dr …” „… List of AuthorsPhoto Name, title Brief descriptionProf. Dr. Christian Arndt Chapter 3: Economic …”

16‍ ‍Sustainable Innovation Management S. 275-288

„… thefoundation for the social, ecological, and at the same time economic development of a company.However …” „… , innovation management typically pursues mainly economic goals. Stöger2 definesinnovation management for …” „… focus is missing and could only be justifiedif it implied economic success.16.2 Innovation Management …”

6‍ ‍Strategic Sustainability Management S. 91-112

„… lies here. Fig. 6.3. shows the two dimensions of ethical-moral and economic-strategic motives. While …” „… ethical-moral motives high Degree of economic-strategic motives low high "Do-gooders" "Ethical …” „… definition,sustainable development is characterized by an economic, a social (in this context, the termsocio-cultural …”

12‍ ‍Marketing and Sustainability S. 191-208

„… social and ecological as well as economic goals. This approach is known as the"Triple P …” „… their economic success.34 However, there are now also rankingsthat not only measure economic success …” „… contributes to sustainability, in particular long-term economic success. Companies that offer products that …”

10‍ ‍International Management and Sustainability S. 159-172

„… share of total economic activity in theworld. International exports already reached over 30% of the …” „… SustainabilityInternational economic activities can be both beneficial and detrimental to sustainabledevelopment.On the …” „… positive side, international economic activities of companies lead to more growth andthus to more wealth …”

7‍ ‍Agile Leadership S. 113-128

„… increasingly gaining ground in thefield of economics that economic value creation is not primarily achievable …” „… search for qualitative freedom on the one hand and for ethically justifiable economic valuecreation on …” „… the employees of companies expect the company to be oriented towards social,ecological and economic …”

9‍ ‍Corporate Compliance S. 145-158

„… current state law only represents a "minimum socio-political sense"3 that lagsbehind economic and social …” „… balance between economic, social and ecologicalneeds, coincides with that of compliance: the protection of …” „… offenders andcompanies.28 The danger of legal violations is therefore one of many economic risks for …”

22‍ ‍Enterprise Future: A Utopian Retrospective Back from the Year 2050 S. 371-378

„… actions,it became clear:5 a sustainable lifestyle and economic style clearly had a positive effect on …” „… side effects of many economic and consumption patternsbecome apparent, the more the (actually old) idea …” „… or compostable - goods at any time if desired. This principle shows that asustainable economic model …”

Accompanying Words S. 13-14

„… remain livable in thefuture. In the transition, however, economic efficiency must not be lost. Efficient …” „… how economic success and sustainableaction can be combined.Patrick Kofler, Head of Investor Relations …”

19‍ ‍Sustainable Financial Management S. 323-336

„… (financial) funds needed for investments and participation in economic activity. The capitalrequirements of a …” „… assume that equity capital or a high equity ratio can be seen as a guarantor ofsustainable economic …” „… provides opportunities for corrective interventions from the outside intothe economic process.Risk …”

20‍ ‍Sustainable Investing S. 337-350

„… little interest so far. Both institutional and private investors are too focused onthe economic success …” „… economic success?Currently, it will not be possible to find a serious asset manager who cannot present a …” „… corporate governanceand core business with regard to environmentally and socially compatible economic …”

5‍ ‍Understanding Transformation S. 77-90

„… and Welzer formulatethis as follows: "The world is not only experiencing a historic economic crisis …” „… reshape value chains,■ use or shape economic ecosystems for their own benefit as well as for the purpose …” „… , politics, economics, technology, and ecologycreating synergies that shape a future worth living in. In …”

11‍ ‍Integral Management - New Perspectives for Sustainable Development S. 173-190

„… the economic context, such as industry classifications (automotive, electrical industry,food industry …” „… rateSubjectiveEmployees‘ satisfactionWorking atmosphereIntersubjectiveProductivity, economicefficiency, success …”

14‍ ‍Sustainable Production S. 227-244

„… Concept of Sustainable Production614.2.1 Vision of 100% Sustainable ProductionThe economic operation of a …” „… 23714 Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (2020), p. 9.427280266288239201335283264 26627 …”

21‍ ‍Operational Environmental Management S. 351-370

„… accordance with socio-economic requirements".3It is all about, for example, protecting the environment …” „… off economically. For example,reducing energy consumption or the amount of waste generated can at the …” „… organizations in a wide range of economicsectors within and outside the European Union. An organization can …”

Foreword S. 15-16

„… ForewordSustainable business management encompasses the economical, ecological and social …” „… actingcompanies that are also extremely successful economically with their sustainability concept.These companies …”

Index S. 395-398

„… business administration. Next, it sheds light on the boundary conditions regarding environmental economics …”

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Legal Methods

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Volume 2021 C.H.BECK, München

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IV. The economic analysis of law S. 196-207

„… avoid illegal behaviour. 123 In the USA, the economic analysis of law and the law and economics approach …” „… law can help to identify economically effective solutions. Economic considerations must not violate …” „… impact-oriented interpretation can help to identify economically effective solutions. However, economic …”

III. Impact-oriented interpretation S. 178-196

„… avoid illegal behaviour. 123 In the USA, the economic analysis of law and the law and economics approach …” „… the law, including economic considerations.143 The obvious inference is that the administration144 and …” „… interpretation is permitted, and whether economic matters may also be considered.149 The former President of the …”

V. Summary of chapter 5 S. 207-208

„… impact-oriented interpretation can help to identify economically effective solutions. However, economic …” „… the European Court of Justice, which makes the following economic considerations regarding the …” „… liability or the normative power of the factual. III. The economic analysis of law as a subset of …”

V. Summary of chapter 4 S. 161-162

„… and methods of the law and economics approach .................. 122 2. The limits of the economic …” „… economic analysis of law ...................................................................... 122 1. Aims …” „… ................................................. 133 4. Economic considerations of the ECJ...................................................... 155 V …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XL

„… b) Economic consideration: Avoidance of excessive liability or undue hardship ........... 182 c) The …” „… ................................................................................................ .......................... 195 IV. The economic analysis of law …” „… ................................................................ 197 2. The limits of the economic approach …”

IX. Legal doctrine and general legal principles S. 543-544

„… the reflection period and thus a cooling-off-period to ensure the economic self-determination of the …” „… enforced by implementing the economic self-determination of the consumer. X. Balancing as substantiation 34 …” „… . 53 On economical deliberations, see Eidenmüller, AcP 211 (2011), 67, 78 ff. 54 BVerfG, Judgment of …”

IV. The comparative case method as substantiation by the courts S. 272-288

„… deprivation of use or transfer of use which could speak in favour of independent economic damage (see BGHZ 63 …” „… , demanded economic goods of general, central importance for the standard of living (allgemeiner, zentraler …” „… Bedeutung für die Lebenshaltung), so that the self-economic standard of living is typically dependent on its …”

IV. Interpretation in conformity with the Constitution S. 390-395

„… certain expression of opinion, in the individual area of economic competition of certain market …” „… competitors by threatening economic disadvantages if it is not complied with,111 the right to freedom of …” „… associated paralysis of economic freedom of movement.141 Or one gives a broad interpretation to the …”

I. The purpose of the law as teleological interpretation S. 163-171

II. Case groups to substantiate general clauses S. 297-300

„… apartment) as damage if economic goods of general, central importance for the standard of living are …” „… involved, so that the self-economic standard of living is typically dependent on its constant availability …”

III. Constitutionally-oriented interpretation S. 387-390

„… to interfere, over and above a certain expression of opinion, in the individual area of economic …” „… competition of certain market competitors by threatening economic disadvantages if it is not complied with,111 …”

XIII. Limits to development of the law S. 547-550

„… purpose of the norm, Section 844(2) seeks to enable the surviving dependant to lead his or her economic …” „… .100 The economic right of self-determination of relatives under Article 2(1) of the Basic Law is …” „… , however, both of them, who have lived together for 10 years, have economically supported each other just …”

I. The purpose of legal methodology S. 2-10

„… . 2). Further argumentation concepts are added, such as impactoriented or economic aspects. – The book …” „… German Judges Act). It is therefore also an imperative of learning economic wisdom if, instead of a …” „… (Interessenabwägung), impact-based interpretation (folgenorientierte Auslegung), and the economic analysis of law …”

I. Teleological counter concepts to formal arguments S. 209-225

„… ............................................................................ 41 4. Telos, impact-oriented and economic analysis.................................... 52 II …” „… discussed below (chapter 6 mn. 60 ff.). 4. Telos, impact-oriented and economic analysis a) Illogical law 52 …” „… the challenge must be possible. b) The boundaries of impact-oriented interpretation and economic …”

IV. The claim to justice of legal methodology S. 33-38

„… argumentation figures may be weak, for example when economic considerations conflict with legal values (chapter …” „… educational, training and economic systems.247 The social market economy (soziale Marktwirtschaft) as it is …”

X. Balancing as substantiation S. 544-545

„… breached, but is only materially enforced by implementing the economic self-determination of the consumer …” „… exceptions. 52 W.H. Roth, JZ 2001, 475, 481. 53 On economical deliberations, see Eidenmüller, AcP 211 (2011 …”

VIII. The Bewegliche System, case groups and case group comparison as substantiation methods S. 542-543

„… the reflection period and thus a cooling-off-period to ensure the economic self-determination of the …”

VI. Fifth step: Limits to competences S. 471-486

„… to the important area of economic and monetary union.203 c) The principle of institutional balance as …” „… contribution from Möllers/Redcay, EuR 2013, 409 ff. 203 From an economic perspective, the ECB’s action can be …” „… economic conditions, such as price increases or increases in excise duties, in order to ensure that current …”

XII. The primacy of European law and international law S. 545-547

„… purpose of the norm, Section 844(2) seeks to enable the surviving dependant to lead his or her economic …” „… , however, both of them, who have lived together for 10 years, have economically supported each other just …”

IV. Third step: The Constitution as higher-ranking law S. 467-470

„… relationships in a purely household and economic relationship. Same-sex partnerships and partnerships of a …”

Appendix. Selected figures of argumentation S. 551-557

„… argument (chapter 4 mn. 152, 170) Dynamic interpretation (chapter 5 mn. 116 ff.) Economic analysis of law …”

III. Legal principles in private law: derivation and substantiation of private autonomy S. 319-324

„… originally still referred to impossibility (Unmöglichkeit)154 or economic impossibility (wirtschaftliche …”

III. Second step: A glimpse of the legal consequences S. 461-467

„… between the partners, i. e. which go beyond the relationships in a purely household and economic …”

II. Individual logical figures of argumentation S. 171-178

„… the law, including economic considerations.143 The obvious inference is that the administration144 and …”

I. General legal principles and legal doctrine S. 307-315

„… bridge when we come to it’.50 Instead, interdisciplinary work, such as economic analysis of the law, is …”

IV. Balancing conflicting legal principles in private law S. 363-372

„… and the conflict with company law becomes apparent: the economic activity of a company depends on …”

V. Development of the law in conformity with the Constitution S. 395-404

„… of economic freedom of movement.141 Or one gives a broad interpretation to the constituent facts of …”

II. Balancing of fundamental rights S. 348-357

„… Rechtswissenschaft, 2003, p. 329; in a similar case under the economic analysis of law, see chapter 15 mn. 13 ff. 156 …”

III. Legal methodology as a theory of argumentation S. 21-33

„… legal argumentation is permissible. Legal argumentation figures may be weak, for example when economic …”

II. Extension of legal methodology by case hermeneutics S. 491-503

„… , doctrinal and other arguments.78 The social sciences are similar to the economic analysis of law. They can …” „… from his lecture: Law & Economics. 21 BGH, Judgment of 13.6.2013, IX ZR 155/11, NJW 2013, 2965 mn. 8 …” „… structure of a claim also looks at the position of the opponent.34 The claim is economically worthless if …”

Index S. 569-586

„… Convention on Human Rights Economic analysis of law chapter 5 122 ff., 133 ff. – importance for legal …” „… – public and private chapter 2 28 ff. – ultimate purpose chapter 9 10 Law and economics approach chapter 5 …”

III. Ordinary forms of development of the law S. 234-254

„… claims for damages from the preliminary contract, which would represent an economic burden similar to the …”

IV. The importance of foreign judgments in the determination of law S. 99-106

„… contrast, comparative law can make sense in complicated or economically significant cases where the wording …” „… process-economics perspective, it makes sense to deal with an existing argumentation instead of having to …”

I. The Bewegliche System (flexible system) S. 290-297

„… case group as substantiation methods 295 regulation is economically efficient because the party obliged …”

III. Balancing European fundamental rights and freedoms S. 357-363

„… ) The European Union sees itself as a community of values.176 In addition to the peace and economics …”

V. Examination sequence and ranking of argumentation concepts as building blocks of a metamethodology S. 519-531

„… simple and subsumption is easily possible (chapter 1 mn. 54 ff.), it would not be economically efficient …”

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United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

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Series: Beck International

Volume 2021 C.H.BECK, München

Results in this title

Article 164. The Economic Planning Commission S. 1174-1178

„… Agreement: A Model to be Followed for other International EconomicOrganisations?, ZaöRV 55 (1995), 310 …” „… developing State brings the alleged economicdisadvantage to the attention of the Economic Planning Commission …” „… views within the Commission, if there are any.38Article 164The Economic Planning Commission1. Members of …”

Article 57. Breadth of the exclusive economic zone S. 437-444

„… economiczone’, ‘economic zone’ or ‘intermediate zone’).16 A second group of States argued in favourof accepting …” „… State under Part VI do not extend to every economic use of the continental shelf, butonly to uses …” „… continental shelf.107Article 57Breadth of the exclusive economic zoneThe exclusive economic zone shall not …”

Article 55. Specific legal regime of the exclusive economic zone S. 408-418

„… , available at: http://www.mpepil.com; Gemma Andreone, The Exclusive EconomicZone, in: Donald R. Rothwell et …” „… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmPART VEXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONEArticle 55Specific legal regime of the …” „… exclusive economic zoneThe exclusive economic zone is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea …”

Article 60. Artificial islands, installations and structures in the exclusive economic zone S. 464-480

„… exclusiveeconomic zone1. In the exclusive economic zone, the coastal State shall have the exclusive right …” „… territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone or the continental shelf.Bibliography: Derek W. Bowett, The Legal …” „… the Exclusive Economic Zone, ODIL 23 (1992), 115–144; Robin R. Churchill/A. VaughanLowe, Law of the …”

Article 58. Rights and duties of other States in the exclusive economic zone S. 444-458

„… EconomicZone – Flag State Obligations in the Context of the Primary Responsibility of the Coastal State …” „… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmArticle 58Rights and duties of other States in the exclusive economic zone …” „… 1. In the exclusive economic zone, all States, whether coastal or land-locked, enjoy,subject to the …”

Article 257. Marine scientific research in the water column beyond the exclusive economic zone S. 1725-1731

„… theexclusive economic zoneAll States, irrespective of their geographical location, and competent …” „… water column beyond the limits of the exclusive economic zone.Bibliography: Lucius Caflisch/Jacques …” „… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63. ‘in the water column beyond the limits of the exclusive economic zone’ . . . . . . . . 74. ‘in …”

Article 63. Stocks occurring within the exclusive economic zones of two or more coastal States or both within the exclusive economic zone and in an area beyond and adjacent to it S. 506-513

„… Exclusive EconomicZone in International Law (1987); Patricia W. Birnie, Marine Mammals: Exploiting the …” „… publication of laws and regulations.79Article 63Stocks occurring within the exclusive economic zones of two or …” „… morecoastal States or both within the exclusive economic zone and in anarea beyond and adjacent to it1. Where …”

Article 56. Rights, jurisdiction and duties of the coastal State in the exclusive economic zone S. 418-437

„… exclusive economic zone, the coastal State has:(a) sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring and …” „… . 58 MN 11–19.83 See Proelss on Art. 56 MN 20 et seq.Part V. Exclusive economic zoneArt. 56418 …” „… ExclusiveEconomic Zone, in: Donald R. Rothwell/Alex G. Oude Elferink/Karen N. Scott/Tim Stephens (eds.), The …”

Article 74. Delimitation of the exclusive economic zone between States with opposite or adjacent coasts S. 563-583

„… exercise this option.46Article 74Delimitation of the exclusive economic zone between States withopposite or …” „… adjacent coasts1. The delimitation of the exclusive economic zone between States with opposite oradjacent …” „… : http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetailsIII.aspx?&src=-TREATY&mtdsg_no=XXI~6&chapter=21&Temp=mtdsg3&lang=en.Delimitation of the exclusive economic zone Art. 74Tanaka 563 …”

Article 246. Marine scientific research in the exclusive economic zone and on the continental shelf S. 1649-1664

„… (note 48), 113–114; Wegelein (note 26), 194; Alexander Proelss, The Law on the Exclusive EconomicZone in …” „… research in the exclusive economic zone and on thecontinental shelf1. Coastal States, in the exercise of …” „… exclusive economic zone and ontheir continental shelf in accordance with the relevant provisions of this …”

Article 36. High seas routes or routes through exclusive economic zones through straits used for international navigation S. 284-287

„… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmArticle 36High seas routes or routes through exclusive economic zones …” „… navigation if there existsthrough the strait a route through the high seas or through an exclusive economic …” „… seas or an exclusive economic zone and another part of the high seas or anexclusive economic …”

Article 59. Basis for the resolution of conflicts regarding the attribution of rights and jurisdiction in the exclusive economic zone S. 458-464

„… of the institutional title “exclusive economic zone,” economicrights, on the whole, have not been …” „… of rightsand jurisdiction in the exclusive economic zoneIn cases where this Convention does not …” „… attribute rights or jurisdiction to the coastal Stateor to other States within the exclusive economic zone …”

Article 48. Measurement of the breadth of the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf S. 374-376

„… contiguouszone, the exclusive economic zone and the continental shelfThe breadth of the territorial sea, the …” „… contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone andthe continental shelf shall be measured from archipelagic …” „… Barbados and the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, Relating to the Delimitationof the Exclusive Economic …”

Article 69. Right of land-locked States S. 543-548

„… the same subregion or region, taking into account therelevant economic and geographical circumstances …” „… economic zones of coastalStates of the subregion or region, as may be appropriate in the circumstances and …” „… economic zones ofdeveloped coastal States of the same subregion or region having regard to the extent …”

Article 70. Right of geographically disadvantaged States S. 548-552

„… or preferentialrights for the exploitation of the living resources in the exclusive economic zone …” „… introduction of so-called ‘regional economic zones’ to be jointly established bygroups of coastal States and …” „… surplus of the living resources of theexclusive economic zones of coastal States of the same subregion or …”

Article 66. Anadromous stocks S. 527-536

„… waters landward of the outerlimits of its exclusive economic zone and for fishing provided for in …” „… exclusive economic zones, except in cases where this provision wouldresult in economic dislocation for a …” „… exclusive economic zone,States concerned shall maintain consultations with a view to achieving agreementon …”

Article 121. Regime of islands S. 858-881

„… not prove that it cannot sustain economic life. Evidence of economicactivity in the past may be …” „… relevant to establish a feature’s capacity to sustain economiclife.171 Economic life does not need to be of …” „… for in paragraph 3, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, theexclusive economic zone and the …”

Article 62. Utilization of the living resources S. 493-506

„… utilization of the livingresources in the exclusive economic zone without prejudice to article 61.2. The …” „… coastal State shall determine its capacity to harvest the living resources of theexclusive economic zone …” „… mentioned therein.3. In giving access to other States to its exclusive economic zone under this article …”

Article 266. Promotion of the development and transfer of marine technology S. 1764-1774

„… Convention, with a viewto accelerating the social and economic development of the developing States.3. States …” „… shall endeavour to foster favourable economic and legal conditions for thetransfer of marine technology …” „… Economic Order, Boston College ICLR 7 (1984) 1–30; Boleslaw Adam Boczek, The Transferof Marine Technology …”

Article 71. Non-applicability of articles 69 and 70 S. 552-554

„… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm4. ‘only in the exclusive economic zones of developed coastal States of …” „… effects on fishing communities and economic dislocation in States whosenationals have habitually fished in …” „… itsexclusive economic zone.Bibliography: David J. Attard, The Exclusive Economic Zone in the Law of the Sea …”

Article 61. Conservation of the living resources S. 480-493

„… Exclusive EconomicZone, in: Ellen Hey (ed.), Developments in International Fisheries Law (1999), 395, 396.5 …” „… . Vicun~a, The Exclusive EconomicZone: Regime and Legal Nature under International Law (1989), 51.31 Richard …” „… the living resources in itsexclusive economic zone.2. The coastal State, taking into account the best …”

Article 67. Catadromous species S. 536-540

„… species shall be conducted only in waters landward of theouter limits of exclusive economic zones. When …” „… conducted in exclusive economic zones,harvesting shall be subject to this article and the other provisions …” „… through the exclusive economic zone ofanother State, whether as juvenile or maturing fish, the management …”

Article 72. Restrictions on transfer of rights S. 554-556

„… economic zone’.Article 72Restrictions on transfer of rights1. Rights provided under articles 69 and 70 to …” „… Exclusive Economic Zone in the Law of the Sea Convention (1987); Myron H.Nordquist/Satya N. Nandan/Shabtai …” „… Disadvantaged States inthe Living Resources of the Economic Zone, VJIL 18 (1977), 69, 91.9 Stephen C. Vascianne …”

Article 64. Highly migratory species S. 513-519

„… at: http://www.mpepil.com; David J. Attard, The Exclusive EconomicZone in International Law (1987 …” „… Articles for a Chapter on the EconomicZone and the Continental Shelf, UN Doc. A/CONF.62/C.2/L.47 (1974), OR …” „… within and beyond theexclusive economic zone. In regions for which no appropriate international …”

Article 46. Use of terms S. 334-352

„… natural features form an intrinsic geographical, economic and political entity, orwhich historically have …” „… , Security and the Law ofthe Sea in East Asia: Navigational Regimes and Exclusive Economic Zones, in: David …” „… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36b) Intrinsic Geographical, Economic, and Political Cohesion …”

Article 73. Enforcement of laws and regulations of the coastal State S. 556-563

„… , conserveand manage the living resources in the exclusive economic zone, take such measures,including boarding …” „… ExclusiveEconomic Zone – Law and Practice, in: Henrik Ringbom (ed.), Jurisdiction over Ships: Post-UNCLOS …” „… David J. Attard, The Exclusive Economic Zone in the Law of the Sea Convention (1987), 201.7 UNCLOS III …”

Article 151. Production policies S. 1066-1074

„… of advice from the EconomicPlanning Commission, the Assembly shall establish a system of compensation …” „… paragraph.8. Rights and obligations relating to unfair economic practices under relevant multi-lateral trade …” „… or takeother measures of economic adjustment assistance including cooperation with specia-lized …”

Article 267. Protection of legitimate interests S. 1774-1778

„… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmobligation with the objective of creating ‘favourable economic and legal …” „… conditions for thetransfer of marine technology’. Economic conditions comprise financial or fiscal incentives …” „… tothe transfer of technology which aim to compensate the private sector for the economic lossrelated to …”

Article 163. Organs of the Council S. 1169-1174

„… has two of these commissions, established by Art. 163: the EconomicPlanning Commission and the Legal …” „… Agreement: A Model to be Followed for other International EconomicOrganisations?, ZaöRV 55 (1995), 310 …” „… Organs of the Council1. There are hereby established the following organs of the Council:(a) an Economic …”

Article 54. Duties of ships and aircraft during their passage, research and survey activities, duties of the archipelagic State and laws and regulations of the archipelagic State relating to archipela... S. 404-408

„… 20.02.2017 17:55:173B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmPART VEXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONEArticle 55Specific …” „… legal regime of the exclusive economic zoneThe exclusive economic zone is an area beyond and adjacent to …” „… the relevantprovisions of this Convention.Bibliography: Gemma Andreone, The Exclusive Economic Zone …”

Article 86. Application of the provisions of this Part S. 675-678

„… theexclusive economic zone, in the territorial sea or in the internal waters of a State, or in thearchipelagic …” „… all States in the exclusive economic zone in accordance witharticle 58.Bibliography: Philip Allott …” „… ExclusiveEconomic Zone in Perspective: Legal Status and Resolution of User Conflicts Revisited, Ocean Yearbook …”

Article 193. Sovereign right of States to exploit their natural resources S. 1287-1295

„… 20.02.2017 18:27:163B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmExclusive Economic Zone in Perspective: Legal …” „… Function1 This article reflects the integration of the national economic interests of States with …” „… compromise which had to bemade between the proper consideration of the different economic status of States …”

Article 68. Sedentary species S. 540-543

„… exclusive economic zone (EEZ) regime in Part V, rather the continental shelfregime in Part VII of the …” „… Migratory Species.Part V. Exclusive economic zoneArt. 68 1–2540 HarrisonReemers Publishing Services …” „… addresses the rights of other States within theareas of the exclusive economic zone and continental shelf …”

Article 265. Interim measures S. 1761-1764

„… project to commence in respect of the economic zone or continental shelf of acoastal State except where …” „… the social and economic development of the developing States.3. States shall endeavour to foster …” „… favourable economic and legal conditions for thetransfer of marine technology for the benefit of all parties …”

Article 65. Marine mammals S. 519-527

„… a Chapter on the EconomicZone and the Continental Shelf, UN Doc. A/CONF.62/C.2/L.47 (1974), 222, 224 …” „… migratory sharks based on the best available scientific information, taking intoaccount the socio-economic …” „… ), 319–338; L. Dolliver M. Nelson, Exclusive Economic Zone, MPEPIL, available at: http://www.mpepil.com;Myron …”

Article 80. Artificial islands, installations and structures on the continental shelf S. 628-634

„… Offshore Installations and Structures onthe Continental Shelf and in the Exclusive Economic Zone, IMO Res …” „… )), and for other economic purposes (Art. 60 (1)(b)). In regards toartificial islands (Art. 60 (1)(a …” „… for other economic purposes, and of any installationswhich may interfere with the exercise of the …”

Article 111. Right of hot pursuit S. 772-779

„… of the coastal State applicable in accordance withthis Convention to the exclusive economic zone or …” „… contiguous zone or theexclusive economic zone or above the continental shelf. The pursuit may only …” „… course of its voyage, was escorted across a portion ofthe exclusive economic zone or the high seas, if …”

Article 122. Definition S. 881-886

„… Statesbordering a sea were entitled to use it. The theory mainly aimed to exclude land-locked Statesfrom economic …” „… issue, butrather formed part of the negotiations on the territorial sea and the exclusive economic …” „… , economic, geological or ecological nature. Eachenclosed sea had its own particular problems and each case …”

Article 165. The Legal and Technical Commission S. 1178-1187

„… Authority. Next to its own responsibilities, the functions of the EconomicPlanning Commission are until then …” „… exploitation and processing of mineralresources, oceanology, protection of the marine environment, or economic …” „… sharing of economic benefits that derive from activities on orin the seabed beyond national jurisdiction.4 …”

Article 256. Marine scientific research in the Area S. 1717-1725

„… exclusive economic zone’. The limits tothe exercise of the rights under the two articles are phrased …” „… Part XIII are Art. 245 (MSR in the territorial sea),Art. 246 (MSR in the exclusive economic zone and on …” „… itsexclusive economic zone (EEZ) and continental shelf. The article further provided additionalrights to …”

Article 152. Exercise of powers and functions by the Authority S. 1074-1080

„… Assembly shall establish a system of compensation or takeother measures of economic adjustment assistance …” „… other ‘economic adjustment assistance’59. In fact, this thirdpillar of protection was the only one that …” „… orsimilar, the 1994 Agreement elaborates on principles on ‘economic assistance’ to implementArt. 151 (10).60 …”

Article 160. Powers and functions S. 1132-1148

„… for other International EconomicOrganisations?, ZaöRV 55 (1995), 310–328; Michael C. Wood …” „… sharing of financial and other economic benefits derivedfrom activities in the Area, consistent with this …” „… States;(l) to establish, upon the recommendation of the Council, on the basis of advice from theEconomic …”

Article 140. Benefit of mankind S. 976-982

„… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93. ‘equitable sharing of financial and other economic benefits …” „… technology, research and payments forthe economic advancement of developing States.4 Later that year, the …” „… of mankind as a whole’-test diminishes or even excludesthe consideration of private (economic and …”

Article 207. Pollution from land-based sources S. 1378-1391

„… features,the economic capacity of developing states and their need for economic development. Suchrules …” „… into account characteristic regional features, the economic capacity ofdeveloping States and their need …” „… for economic development’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189. ‘shall be re-examined from time …”

Article 214. Enforcement with respect to pollution from seabed activities S. 1458-1463

„… because international restrictions on such sources have a substantialimpact on the economic and social …” „… Economic Zone, adopted by IMORes. A.672(16) of 19 October 1989; IMO, Guidelines for the Design and …” „… thecontinental shelf, or other economic uses in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) connectedwith the construction …”

Article 247. Marine scientific research projects undertaken by or under the auspices of international organizations S. 1664-1673

„… on the Exclusive EconomicZone in Perspective: Legal Status and Resolution of User Conflicts Revisited …” „… economic zone or on whose continental shelf thatorganization wants to carry out a marine scientific …” „… Konventsiei OONpo morskomu pravu 1982 g. (Marine Scientific Research in the Exclusive Economic Zone and on the …”

Article 75. Charts and lists of geographical coordinates S. 583-587

„… the exclusive economic zone and the linesof delimitation drawn in accordance with article 74 shall be …” „… 1975:4‘In delimiting the boundaries of the exclusive economic zone, any lines which are drawn …” „… , the outer limit lines of the exclusive economic zone and the lines ofdelimitation drawn in accordance …”

Article 286. Application of procedures under this section S. 1844-1849

„… 7(1996), 353–371; Shabtai Rosenne, Settlement of Fisheries Disputes in the Exclusive Economic Zone, AJIL …” „… 73(1979), 89–104; Tullio Treves, The Exclusive Economic Zone and the Settlement of Disputes, in: Erik …” „… la mer,1982–2000: Un premier bilan de la pratique des Etats/The Exclusive Economic Zone and the …”

Article 88. Reservation of the high seas for peaceful purposes S. 682-687

„… China’sExclusive Economic Zone, Chinese JIL (2010), 9–29Documents: Louise Doswald-Beck (ed.), San Remo Manual on …” „… embargoagainst Southern Rhodesia; UNSC Resolution 665 (1990) enforcing economic sanctionsagainst Iraq; UNSC …” „… Resolutions 787 (1992) and 820 (1993) enforcing economic sanctionsagainst the Former Republic of Yugoslavia …”

Article 1. Use of terms S. 2512-2517

„… EconomicCommunity in a New Law of the Sea Convention, AJIL 73 (1979), 426–443; Kenneth R. Simmonds, The …” „… Economic Community and the Law of the Sea, ODIL 11 (1982), 181–200; Patrick Daillier, LesCommunautés …” „… ), 41–68; Albert W. Koers, Participation of the European Economic Community in a New Law ofthe Sea …”

Preamble S. 1-17

„… 63 in order to make mining activities in the Area economic-ally feasible, the 1994 Implementation …” „… international economic order which takes into account the interestsand needs of mankind as a whole and, in …” „… conformity with the principles ofjustice and equal rights and will promote the economic and social …”

Article 220. Enforcement by coastal States S. 1505-1512

„… navigating in the exclusive economiczone or the territorial sea of a State has, in the exclusive economic …” „… has occurred within the territorial sea or the exclusive economic zone of that State.2. Where there …” „… exclusive economic zone,committed a violation of applicable international rules and standards for the …”

Article 148. Participation of developing States in activities in the Area S. 1046-1052

„… Perspectives, Social and EconomicStudies 51 (2002), 63, 69 et seq.10 Nordquist/Nandan/Rosenne (note 7), MN …” „… the Implementa-tion Agreement: Developing Country Perspectives, Social and Economic Studies 51 (2002 …” „… economic effects of deep seabed mining,17developing States wanted to avoid a ‘first come, first served …”

Article 197. Cooperation on a global or regional basis S. 1328-1333

„… economic capacity of developing States and their need for economicdevelopment.’8 However it is significant …” „… pollution,taking into account characteristic regional features and economic factors.’47 The main significant change …” „… marinepollution.8 The other notable amendment was the removal of the reference to ‘economic factors’ asmatters …”

Article 47. Archipelagic baselines S. 352-374

„… (primarily Tonga and the Philippines), also qualify as intrinsic,geographic, economic and political entities …” „… somewhat unclear.149 In addition, since particu-larly the economic and political interrelatedness of groups …” „… of islands and waters must – to alarge extent – be supported by historical arguments (on the economic …”

Article 169. Consultation and cooperation with international and non-governmental organizations S. 1205-1210

„… international and non-governmental organizations recognized by theEconomic and Social Council of the United …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61. ‘international and non-governmental organizations recognized by theEconomic and Social Council of …” „… organisations and non-governmental organizations, providedthey are recognized by the Economic and Social Council …”

Article 253. Suspension or cessation of marine scientific research activities S. 1700-1707

„… activities in progress within its exclusive economic zone or on its continental shelfif:(a) the research …” „… .Bibliography: David Joseph Attard, The Exclusive Economic Zone in International Law (1987); Natalie …” „… progresswithin its exclusive economic zone or on its continental shelf if:(a) the research project is not being …”

Article 7. Straight baselines S. 65-84

„… economic interests peculiar to the regionconcerned, the reality and the importance of which are clearly …” „… as tocut off the territorial sea of another State from the high seas or an exclusive economic …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415. Impact of Economic Interests on the Drawing of Straight Baselines . . . . . . . . . . . . 43a …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-LII

„… ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 276Article 36. High seas routes or routes through exclusive economic zones through straits used …” „… ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 404PART VEXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONEArticle 55. Specific legal regime of the exclusive economic zone …” „… ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 408Article 56. Rights, jurisdiction and duties of the coastal State in the exclusive economic zone …”

Article 150. Policies relating to activities in the Area S. 1058-1066

„… opportunitiesfor all States Parties, irrespective of their social and economic systems orgeographical location, to …” „… economic interests of potentialseabed mining and consumer (industrial) States and traditional land-based …” „… minimize any adverse economic effects caused by the fluctuation ofprices of raw materials resulting from …”

Article 305. Signature S. 1968-1979

„… Economic Community and the Law of the Sea, ODIL 11 (1982), 181–200; Giorgio Gaja, TheEuropean Community’s …” „… Rim L & Policy J 2 (1993), 131–155; Albert W. Koers, Participation of the EuropeanEconomic Community …” „… Economic Community and the NewLaw of the Sea, RCADI 218 (1989), 9–166; Alfred H. A. Soons, The Position of …”

Article 234. Ice-covered areas S. 1566-1585

„… within the limits of the exclusive economic zone, where particularlysevere climatic conditions and the …” „… ;Erik Franckx, The New U.S.S.R. Legislation on Pollution Prevention in the Exclusive Economic Zone …” „… ’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16d) ‘within the limits of the exclusive economic zone …”

Article 162. Powers and functions S. 1157-1169

„… EconomicPlanning Commission, for a system of compensation or other measures of economicadjustment assistance as …” „… procedures of the Authority;(m) take, upon the recommendation of the Economic Planning Commission …” „… the adverse economic effects specified therein;Powers and functions Art. 162van Doorn 1157Reemers …”

Article 245. Marine scientific research in the territorial sea S. 1643-1649

„… precise terms to be used here, such as economic zone, patrimonial sea, nationalsea or area under national …” „… from oceanareas, including areas within the exclusive economic zone, carried out both within the …” „… limited.Article 246Marine scientific research in the exclusive economic zone and on thecontinental shelf1. Coastal …”

Article 248. Duty to provide information to the coastal State S. 1673-1679

„… organizations which intend to undertake marinescientific research in the exclusive economic zone or on the …” „… intended to take place in the exclusive economic zones (EEZ) and on the continentalshelves of other States …” „… exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and on the continental shelfis subject to the so-called ‘consent regime’. This …”

Article 218. Enforcement by port States S. 1487-1496

„… vessel outside the internal waters, territorial seaor exclusive economic zone of that State in violation …” „… economic zone of another Stateunless requested by that State, the flag State, or a State damaged or …” „… theinternal waters, territorial sea or exclusive economic zone of the State instituting theproceedings.3. When …”

Article 114. Breaking or injury by owners of a submarine cable or pipeline of another submarine cable or pipeline S. 785-788

„… economic zone, includes Art. 113 within its ambit. In addition, Art. 113is unaffected by the extension of …” „… to the exclusive economic zone under Art. 58(2).II. Historical Background4 The wording of Art. 114 is …” „… break of thecable or pipeline. This would include not only the economic damage incurred by a …”

Article 251. General criteria and guidelines S. 1693-1696

„… Economic Zone of Belgium in the North Sea, 22 April 1999(Belgium); Art. 52 (3) Maritime Space, Inland …” „… ForeignMarine Scientific Research in Norway’s Internal Waters, Territorial Sea and Economic Zone and on …” „… Exclusive(Maritime) Economic Zone of 16 May 1995 (Ukraine).General criteria and guidelines Art. 251Huh/Nishimoto 1693 …”

Article 119. Conservation of the living resources of the high seas S. 830-850

„… consideration of biological,ecological, economic and environmental factors, based on best scientific evidence …” „… the conserva-tion of living resources within the exclusive economic zone (EEZ), namely: the …” „… species at levels that can produce theMSY, as qualified by relevant environmental and economic factors …”

Article 126. Exclusion of application of the most-favoured-nation clause S. 911-916

„… . Depending on the nature of the issue,the geography, or the economic and infrastructure status, these special …” „… Economic CooperationOrganization; and the Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Asia, being developed with the …” „… has lost significance, since the economic integration systems presently remove trade obstacles.’29 Art …”

Article 161. Composition, procedure and voting S. 1148-1157

„… Model to be Followed for other International EconomicOrganisations?, ZaöRV 55 (1995), 310, 319.64 Art …” „… otherInternational Economic Organisations?, ZaöRV 55 (1995), 310–328; Michael C. Wood, International SeabedAuthority …” „… onrepresentation of particular economic interests in the Council, where the latter accepted theAssembly as the …”

Article 4. Extent of participation and rights and obligations S. 2527-2532

„… ), 553–567; Johannes F. Buhl, The European Economic Community and theLaw of the Sea, ODIL 11 (1982), 181–200 …” „… , 1957–1982(1982), 179–196; Kenneth R. Simmonds, The European Economic Community and the New Law of the Sea, RdC218 …” „… same author, Johannes F. Buhl, The EuropeanEconomic Community and the Law of the Sea, ODIL 11 (1982 …”

Article 85. Tunnelling S. 670-675

Article 40. Research and survey activities S. 305-307

„… Rights and Freedoms: TheRight to Conduct Military Activities in China’s Exclusive Economic Zone, Chinese …” „… other areas of the sea, in particular theexclusive economic zone.4 On the whole, Art. 40 is identical to …” „… Navigational Rights and Freedoms: The Right to Conduct Military Activities inChina’s Exclusive Economic Zone …”

Article 37. Scope of this section S. 287-293

„… seas or an exclusive economic zone and another part of the high seas or anexclusive economic …” „… up with the addition of a referenceto the new concept of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ).10 The …” „… transit ofthe strait between one part of the high seas or an exclusive economic zone and anotherpart of …”

Article 125. Right of access to and from the sea and freedom of transit S. 898-911

„… economic interdependence of States, or principles such asfreedom of the high seas, offered a juridical …” „… mmadaptable, and emphasised the economic repercussions which result from the particulargeographic position of …” „… LLS. For example, the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties ofStates18 paid particular attention to …”

Article 49. Legal status of archipelagic waters, of the air space over archipelagic waters and of their bed and subsoil S. 376-379

„… to theDelimitation of the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf between Them (Barbados v …” „… economic interest ofarchipelagic States in the enclosed sea resources as a reason for claiming archipelagic …” „… Economic Zone Act No. 24(1986): ‘Without prejudice to section 5 [i. e., the ‘sovereignty’ claim], Trinidad …”

Article 89. Invalidity of claims of sovereignty over the high seas S. 687-690

„… the sea as a whole.’42One may also note that in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ), States enjoy only …” „… included in theexclusive economic zone, in the territorial sea or in the internal waters of a State, or in …” „… high seasbut also has application in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) by virtue of Art. 58 (2).II …”

Index S. 2553-2618

„… .– Convention for the Conservation of Salmonin the North Atlantic Ocean 66 18 et seq.– Definition 66 8– economic …” „… .– special regime of international law 293 6Applied scientific research– research in the exclusive economic …” „… archipelago 46 5– historical background 46 9 et seq.– intrinsic geographical, economic and politi-cal cohesion …”

Annex I: Highly migratory species S. 2049-2067

„… , United States of America: Draft Articles for a Chapter on the EconomicZone and the Continental Shelf, UN …” „… utilization of suchspecies throughout the region, both within and beyond the exclusive economic zone. In …” „… exclusive economic zone] and that management could only proceed byinternational agreement’. He adds that …”

Article 81. Drilling on the Continental Shelf S. 634-639

„… Committee UNCLOS III, United States of America: Draft Articles for a Chapter on the EconomicZone and the …” „… economic area.The later development of the regime of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) means that what was …” „… legislation is tiedto natural resources or other economic activities or protection and preservation of the …”

Article 144. Transfer of technology S. 1002-1007

„… – the economic effects of deep seabed mining.10As a result, the different technology transfer provisions …” „… demands of the New International Economic Order (NIEO) in the 1970s thatpromoted a new model of …” „… Art. 15 (1) of the1966 International Covenant of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights.18 The …”

Article 170. The Enterprise S. 1210-1216

„… EconomicCommunity and Japan maintained their private company operator’s paradigm,14 which wasfirmly rejected by the …” „… ‘International Seabed Enterprise’;8 France emphasizedthe principle of economic efficiency and indicated the …” „… upon which the new international economic order isbased’.20 On the other hand, the United States kept …”

Article 210. Pollution by dumping S. 1407-1419

„… fromtime to time as necessary.5. Dumping within the territorial sea and the exclusive economic zone or onto …” „… within the territorial sea and the exclusive economic zone or onto thecontinental shelf shall not be …” „… wastes and other matter, within the territorial sea and the economic zone or on tothe continental shelf …”

Article 77. Rights of the coastal State over the continental shelf S. 604-614

„… . This is in contrast to therights of coastal States granted within the regime of the exclusive economic …” „… understated, as previously‘the only assertion of exclusive economic right generally recognised beyond the …” „… as part ofthe ‘economic zone of the coastal State’50, and a similar proposal in this respect was …”

Article 285. Application of this section to disputes submitted pursuant to Part XI S. 1841-1844

„… ; Shabtai Rosenne, Settlement of Fisheries Disputes in the Exclusive Economic Zone, AJIL 73(1979), 89–104 …” „… ; Tullio Treves, The Exclusive Economic Zone and the Settlement of Disputes, in: Erik. Franckx/Philippe …” „… ,1982–2000: Un premier bilan de la pratique des Etats/The Exclusive Economic Zone and the United …”

Article 5. Fact finding S. 2508-2512

„… Economic Community and the Law of the Sea, ODIL 11 (1982), 181–200; Patrick Daillier, LesCommunautés …” „… ), 41–68; Albert W. Koers, Participation of the European Economic Community in a New Law ofthe Sea …” „… , TheEuropean Economic Community and the New Law of the Sea, RdC 218 (1989), 9–166; Alfred H. A. Soons …”

Article 171. Funds of the Authority S. 1216-1220

„… EconomicPlanning Commission …” „… , paragraph 10, whosesources are to be recommended by the Economic Planning Commission.Bibliography: Myron H …” „… ,whose sources are to be recommended by the Economic Planning Commission’12Pursuant to 1994 Agreement …”

Article 250. Communications concerning marine scientific research projects S. 1690-1693

„… Law of the Sea (1991), 6–7.14 See infra, MN 10.15 Art. 41 (2) Act Concerning the Exclusive Economic …” „… ForeignMarine Scientific Research in Norway’s Internal Waters, Territorial Sea and Economic Zone and on …” „… Exclusive(Maritime) Economic Zone of 16 May 1995 (Ukraine).General criteria and guidelines Art. 251Huh/Nishimoto 1693 …”

Article 211. Pollution from vessels S. 1419-1443

„… Mile Exclusive EconomicZone in the New Law of the Sea (1989); Bevan Marten, Port State Jurisdiction …” „… inrespect of their exclusive economic zones adopt laws and regulations for the prevention,reduction and …” „… , clearly defined area of their respectiveexclusive economic zones is an area where the adoption of special …”

Article 136. Common heritage of mankind S. 949-957

„… economic significance of polymetallicnodules to rise considerably and thus took great care in drawing up a …” „… sovereignty-based approach would be able to solve the looming political, economic and environmentalissues. He …” „… economic zone( Part V), mark the final codification of naturally evolved international law of the sea …”

Article 249. Duty to comply with certain conditions S. 1679-1690

„… the exclusive economic zone or on the continental shelf of a coastal State shallcomply with the …” „… United States in Conducting Marine Scientific Research in Coastal StateExclusive Economic Zone, in Thomas …” „… theexclusive economic zone (EEZ) or on the continental shelf of a coastal State. This article isan important …”

Article 254. Rights of neighbouring land-locked and geographically disadvantaged States S. 1707-1713

„… EconomicZone, in Rainer Lagoni/Peter Ehlers/Marian Paschke (eds.), Recent Developments in the Law of the Sea …” „… ; Yuana Huang, Rights of Land-locked and Geographically Disadvantaged States in the ExclusiveEconomic Zone …” „… ) in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and on thecontinental shelf of other States, to make …”

Article 6. Reefs S. 60-65

„… exclusive economic zone of the Federal Republic of Germany in the North Sea and in theBaltic Sea of 25 …” „… (Territorial Sea and Exclusive Economic Zone) Act 1977, Myron Nordquist(ed.), New Directions in the Law of the …” „… determining particular baselines, of economic interests peculiar to the regionconcerned, the reality and the …”

Article 115. Indemnity for loss incurred in avoiding injury to a submarine cable or pipeline S. 788-791

„… the damage or break of thecable or pipeline. This would include not only the economic damage incurred …” „… question. A cable ownerresponsible for such a break may be the subject of a suit for economic or other …” „… exclusive economic zone by virtue of Art. 58 (2).II. Historical Background3The wording of Art. 115 is taken …”

Article 146. Protection of human life S. 1028-1035

„… also Art. 7 (b) of the International Covenant on Economic, Socialand Cultural Rights.4 There is a …” „… Committee’s Economic and Technical Sub-Committee received a proposalto complement existing international …” „… Committee, Report of the Economic and Technical Sub-Committee, Report of the Committee on thePeaceful Uses …”

Article 158. Organs of the Authority S. 1115-1122

„… subsidiary organs of the Authority shall be ‘cost-effective’.9Partly for this reason, the Economic Planning …” „… . 163 (1), namely the Legal andTechnical Commission ( Art. 163; Art. 165) and the (dormant)22 Economic …” „… Economic Planning Commission.27 As the Enterprise operatesin accordance with sound commercial principles …”

Article 297. Limitations on applicability of section 2 S. 1906-1918

„… sovereign rights with respect to the livingresources in the exclusive economic zone or their exercise …” „… resources in the exclusive economic zone is not seriously endan-gered;(ii) a coastal State has arbitrarily …” „… economic zone or their exercise …”

Article 78. Legal status of the superjacent waters and air space and the rights and freedoms of other States S. 614-618

„… UNCLOS III, United States of America: Draft Articles for a Chapter on the EconomicZone and Continental …” „… publication.’4With the development of the regime of the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) at UNCLOSIII, however …” „… State withoutunjustifiable interference with navigation or other uses of the sea in the economic zone …”

Article 244. Publication and dissemination of information and knowledge S. 1639-1643

„… willpromote the economic and social advancement of all peoples of the world’.2 GA Res. 65/37 of 17 March 2011 …” „… the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) (Art. 61 (5)), but also in relationto the safety of navigation (Art …” „… Reporting and Assessment ofthe State of the Marine Environment, including Socio-economic Aspects; see …”

Article 120. Marine mammals S. 850-858

„… , theexclusive economic zone and the continental shelf of an island are determined inaccordance with the …” „… habitation or economic life of their own shallhave no exclusive economic zone or continental …” „… Sustain Human Habitation orEconomic Life of Their Own, Netherlands YIL 21 (1990), 139–181; Fritz Münch …”

Article 258. Deployment and use S. 1731-1738

„… maritime zones ( Art. 245 on MSR in theterritorial sea; Art. 246 on MSR in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ …” „… economic zone andcontinental shelf.42 Jurisdiction over the installation or equipment, though, may depend …” „… onthe type of object used. According to the UNCLOS, in the exclusive economic zone – and byinference in …”

Article 100. Duty to cooperate in the repression of piracy S. 733-737

„… the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) from being part of the high seas,which might suggest that universal …” „… the exclusive economic zone in so faras they are not incompatible with’ the coastal State’s sovereign …” „… exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and thus areas within State jurisdiction.32 Asthe Peruvian proposal was …”

Article 110. Right of visit S. 767-772

„… economic zone(EEZ).II. Historical Background5Art. 110 can trace its origins to Art. 22 of the 1958 Geneva …” „… withthis Convention to the exclusive economic zone or the continental shelf, including suchsafety zones.3 …” „… , or, as the case may be, within the contiguous zone or theexclusive economic zone or above the …”

Article 303. Archaeological and historical objects found at sea S. 1950-1961

„… exclusive economic zone …” „… spaces: internal waters, theterritorial sea, the exclusive economic zone (EEZ), the continental shelf and …” „… an archaeological and historical nature found’ on the continentalShelf or in the exclusive economic …”

Article 53. Right of archipelagic sea lanes passage S. 393-404

„… East Asia: Navigational Regimes and Exclusive EconomicZones, in: David Freestone/Richard Barnes/David …” „… between one part of the high seas or anexclusive economic zone and another part of the high seas or an …” „… exclusive economic zone.4. Such sea lanes and air routes shall traverse the archipelagic waters and the …”

Article 45. Innocent passage S. 327-334

„… ) between a part of the high seas or an exclusive economic zone and the territorial sea ofa foreign State.2 …” „… at least the particular type of strait between a part of the highseas or of the exclusive economic …” „… interrelated that such islands, waters andother natural features form an intrinsic geographical, economic and …”

Article 3. Breadth of the territorial sea S. 34-41

„… UNCLOS II. The (perceived) need to ensure economic control over theadjacent coastal seas was considered …” „… limit.29 The emergence of theexclusive economic zone (EEZ) as a legal concept in the negotiating texts …” „… concurrentintroduction of functional sovereign rights in the EEZ dissociated full sovereignty from theright of economic …”

Article 90. Right of navigation S. 690-692

„… high seasbut also has application in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) by virtue of Art. 58 (2).II …” „… economic zone, in the territorial sea or in theinternal waters of a State, or in the archipelagic waters of …”

Article 35. Scope of this Part S. 276-284

„… bordering straits asexclusive economic zones or high seas; or(c) the legal regime in straits in which …” „… economic zone (EEZ)routes through them, or those formed by internal waters.3However, a third point …” „… routes through exclusive economic zones throughstraits used for international navigationThis Part does …”

Article 276. Establishment of regional centres S. 1803-1806

„… from States reluctant to give wider powers to the Authority.5 TheNetherlands6 and the European Economic …” „… . 3).7 UNCLOS III, Ireland, on behalf of the European Economic Community, Draft Articles on the Transfer …”

Article 2. Signature S. 2517-2522

„… theEuropa Institute, Leiden, 1957–1982 (1982), 179–195; Kenneth R. Simmonds, The European Economic …” „… regulations of the European Economic Community (EEC) would make it difficult todifferentiate between Members …” „… (1985), 157, 170.17 Kenneth R. Simmonds, The European Economic Community and the New Law of the Sea, RdC …”

Article 242. Promotion of international cooperation S. 1630-1636

„… essential in this field, for scientific, political and economic reasons. The natureof the marine environment …” „… theexclusive economic zone and the continental shelf from the binding disputes settlement mechanism provided …” „… Interna-tional Maritime Organization (IMO), but also the organisations which may provide eco-nomic or technical …”

Article 196. Use of technologies or introduction of alien or new species S. 1319-1328

„… maritime zones includingthe internal waters, the exclusive economic zone and the high seas. It is also …” „… (ed.),Seaweed Invasions: A Synthesis of Ecological, Economic and Legal Imperatives (2007); Harm Dotinga/Alex …” „… economic reasons. In ocean waters, intentionalintroduction occurs mainly by the operation of mariculture …”

Article 208. Pollution from seabed activities subject to national jurisdiction S. 1391-1400

„… Structures on the Continental Shelf and inthe Exclusive Economic Zone, IMO Res. A.672(16) of 19 October 1989 …” „… , the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and the continental shelf. Secondly, the phrase‘[…] seabed …” „… economic zones in the Mediterranean Tullio Scovazzi, The Legal Condition of MediterraneanWaters, in: Tullio …”

Article 272. Coordination of international programmes S. 1793-1796

„… , including socio-economic aspects, both current and foreseeable,building on existing regional assessments”.10 …” „… , including Socio-economic Aspects(Regular Process …”

Article 1. Institution of proceedings S. 2491-2498

„… the resources of the exclusive economic zone10 Alan Boyle, Problems of Compulsory Jurisdiction and the …” „… oversight.Accordingly, once the overarching principles governing the exclusive economic zone and thelimits of compulsory …” „… contention in the case concerned whether Australia’s Antarcticexclusive economic zone constituted a disputed …”

Article 50. Delimitation of internal waters S. 379-382

„… Economic Zone Act No. 24(1986): ‘Without prejudice to section 5 [i. e., the ‘sovereignty’ claim], Trinidad …” „… Waters and Exclusive Economic Zone ActNo. 24 (1986); and s. 4 of the Philippines Maritime Zones Act …”

Article 233. Safeguards with respect to straits used for international navigation S. 1563-1566

„… in straits between part of the high seas or anexclusive economic zone (EEZ) and another part of the …” „… the exclusive economic zone, where particularlysevere climatic conditions and the presence of ice …”

Article 38. Right of transit passage S. 293-300

„… high seas or an exclusive economic zone and anotherpart of the high seas or an exclusive economic zone …” „… , and the sovereign rights and the jurisdictionwhich States have in their exclusive economic zones and …” „… exclusive economiczone of similar convenience with respect to navigational and hydrographical …”

Article 213. Enforcement with respect to pollution from land-based sources S. 1451-1458

„… influence on the economic and social policy of States. The internalisation ofenvironmental costs makes …” „… restrictions on such sources have a substantialimpact on the economic and social development of States …” „… Economic Zone, adopted by IMORes. A.672(16) of 19 October 1989; IMO, Guidelines for the Design and …”

Article 83. Delimitation of the continental shelf between States with opposite or adjacent coasts S. 651-666

„… another level of political and socio-economic complexity, suggest-ing that the criteria will need to have …” „… Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf between Them (2006), RIAA XXVII, 147; Arbitration betweenGuyana and …” „… isessentially identical to Art. 74 regarding the delimitation of the exclusive economic zone(EEZ).1 It follows …”

Article 33. Contiguous zone S. 254-272

„… Tonnage Measurements, Journal of Economic History 33(1973), 434–443; Thomas W. Fulton, The Sovereignty of …” „… claims andcounter-claims by States, seconded and driven by hard, primarily economic facts: At …” „… to national health and economic stability, unregulatedimmigration, for various reasons, ran counter …”

Article 2. Relationship to the Authority S. 2278-2282

„… a great extent the different economic perceptions and models of the proponents. Forthe socialist …” „… opera-tional organ of the Authority, the Enterprise.25 Different economic approaches regardingwhat the …”

Article 109. Unauthorized broadcasting from the high seas S. 763-767

„… exclusive economic zone (EEZ). If,however, a government vessel acts to suppress piracy in an EEZ it must act …” „… an economic niche for commercial broadcasters operat-ing outside national jurisdiction.146Denmark …”

Article 127. Customs duties, taxes and other charges S. 916-920

„… (Barcelona Statute), the Romanian delegate calledtransit an economic weapon of protectionism.4 The British …” „… significantly hinder their economic development. Consequently, transit States mayprovide certain concessions in …”

Article 128. Free zones and other customs facilities S. 920-924

„… significantly hinder their economic development. Consequently, transit States mayprovide certain concessions in …” „… practical implications of this may be limited, as Chad is a member of the Economic Community ofCentral …”

Article 204. Monitoring of the risks or effects of pollution S. 1356-1364

„… monitoring in a foreign exclusive economic zone, are mitigated since monitoring needsto be conducted in a …” „… ) (Rights and Duties of otherStates in the Exclusive Economic Zone): ‘In exercising their rights and …” „… performing their duties under thisConvention in the exclusive economic zone, States shall have due regard to …”

Article 116. Right to fish on the high seas S. 791-803

„… made necessary as a result of the extension of coastalState jurisdiction in the exclusive economic zone …” „… seeking to protecttheir nationals’ economic and social interests.5II. Historical Background5The freedom of …” „… particularly concerned that they were not reaping the economic and other benefits fromthe resources in waters …”

Article 306. Ratification and formal confirmation S. 1979-1983

„… language in treaty practice such as ‘regional economic integration organiza-tion’.90 To this day, however …” „… European Economic Community (EEC), is the only case of aninternational organization that became bound to …”

Article 105. Seizure of a pirate ship or aircraft S. 749-753

„… Seychelles among others.73 By virtue of Art. 58 (2) the present article applies in the exclusive economic …” „… to foreign nationals.2By virtue of Art. 58 (2), the present article applies in the exclusive economic …”

Article 195. Duty not to transfer damage or hazards or transform one type of pollution into another S. 1315-1319

„… includingthe internal waters, the exclusive economic zone and the high seas. It is also applicable tomeasures …” „… Ecological, Economic and Legal Imperatives (2007); Harm Dotinga/Alex G.Oude Elferink, Acoustic Pollution in …”

Article 252. Implied consent S. 1696-1700

„… marine scientific research (MSR) in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ)and on the continental shelf.1 …” „… activities in progress within its exclusive economic zone or on its continental shelfif:(a) the research …”

Article 255. Measures to facilitate marine scientific research and assist research vessels S. 1713-1717

„… economic zone (EEZ) and on thecontinental shelf, as well as to their territorial sovereignty in internal …” „… competent international organizations desiring to carry outresearch activities in the exclusive economic …”

Article 260. Safety zones S. 1740-1744

„… which State or States can exercise this right. In the caseof installations in the exclusive economic …” „… actions not only create economic loss but may also be prejudicial to thescientific research carried out …”

Article 194. Measures to prevent, reduce and control pollution of the marine environment S. 1295-1315

„… protection to grant (alleged) economic advantages andattract foreign investments,58 but it is no breach of …” „… Nordatlantiks (2004); Alexander Proelss, The Law on the ExclusiveEconomic Zone in Perspective: Legal Status and …” „… opportunities of economic growth due to the stipulation of mandatorymeasures to protect the marine environment …”

Article 32. Immunities of warships and other government ships operated for non-commercial purposes S. 250-254

„… vessels onthe high seas (and by virtue of Art. 58,23 the exclusive economic zone), it seems redundant …” „… Tonnage Measurements, Journal of Economic History 33(1973), 434–443; Thomas W. Fulton, The Sovereignty of …”

Article 118. Cooperation of States in the conservation and management of living resources S. 817-830

„… should be referred to and studied by the Economic Committee ofthe League of Nations in conjunction with …” „… the end, the matter was indeedsent to the League’s Economic Committee and ICES, eventually resulting …” „… towards achieving the ‘maximum sustainable yield’ as qualified by the relevantenvironmental and economic …”

Article 159. Composition, procedure and voting S. 1122-1132

„… the Annex to the Implementation Agreement: A Model to be Followed for otherInternational Economic …” „… ImplementationAgreement: A Model to be Followed for other International Economic Organisations?, ZaöRV 55 (1995), 310,319 …” „… the equitable sharing of financial and other economic benefits derivedfrom activities in the Area …”

Article 221. Measures to avoid pollution arising from maritime casualties S. 1512-1521

„… the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf (Act No. 74of 1996) provides that Japanese laws …” „… economic zone (EEZ) ( PartV) or the high seas ( Part VII), are not part of the State’s territory.3 An …” „… suggests that food-related and economic interests are included, but sanitary, culturalor recreational …”

Article 282. Obligations under general, regional or bilateral agreements S. 1825-1830

„… open only to Statesthrough whose exclusive economic zone the eponymous species migrates, or which fish …” „… of the Treaty Establishing the European Economic Community.21 ECJ, Case C-459/03, Commission v …”

Article 31. Request to intervene S. 2430-2435

„… purelypolitical, economic or strategic nature.223. ‘which may be affected by the decision in any dispute’12Art. 62 …” „… European Economic Communities).16 Alan E. Boyle, Dispute Settlement and the Law of the Sea Convention …”

Article 222. Enforcement with respect to pollution from or through the atmosphere S. 1521-1527

„… activities in theState’s exclusive economic zone (EEZ) or on its extended continental shelf. The precise …” „… Convention on Long-range Transboundary AirPollution, elaborated under the auspices of the Economic Commission …”

Article 17. Rules, regulations and procedures of the Authority S. 2235-2250

„… , economic,technical, administrative, financial matters which the Authority is required to develop bymeans of rules …” „… economic life of the miningproject, taking into consideration such factors as the depletion of the ore …” „… polymetallic nodulesbecause of their economic significance particularly taking into account the present …”

Article 3. Formal confirmation and accession S. 2522-2527

Article 51. Existing agreements, traditional fishing rights and existing submarine cables S. 382-389

„… side of the baselines’; s. 8 Trinidad and Tobago Archipelagic Waters and Exclusive Economic Zone ActNo …” „… . 5Archipelagic Waters and Exclusive Economic Zone Act 1986 Act No. 24 of 11 November 1986; Tuvalu:S …”

Article 133. Use of terms S. 936-943

„… to:‘contribute to the realization of a just and equitable international economic order which takes intoaccount …” „… economic aspects; access-related issues; types of benefits and benefit-sharing; intellectual property …”

Article 168. International character of the Secretariat S. 1198-1205

„… non-governmental organizations recognized by theEconomic and Social Council of the United Nations.2. Any …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61. ‘international and non-governmental organizations recognized by theEconomic and Social Council of …” „… provide certification stating that there is no conflict of interest with regard to the economicactivities …”

Article 240. General principles for the conduct of marine scientific research S. 1617-1624

„… international cooperation andconsent for projects by other States in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) or on the …” „… an agreedlegal definition of MSR and the resulting question whether economic activities …”

Article 9. Activities in reserved areas S. 2177-2189

„… is involved in mineralactivities within the exclusive economic zone of Papua New Guinea.20 ISA …” „… thatto be effective the control must be both economic and regulatory. Other States were satisfiedthat the …” „… whether these ventures are successful in producing long-term economic benefits forthe sponsoring States …”

Article 82. Payments and contributions with respect to the exploitation of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles S. 639-651

„… notably the eventualexclusive economic zone (EEZ)5 and ECS, would be perceived by many States to occur at …” „… Chapter on the Rights and Duties of States in the Coastal Sea-Bed Economic Area, UN Doc. A/AC.138/SC.II/L …” „… . Identifyingneeds and interests imposes another level of political and socio-economic complexity, suggest-ing that …”

Article 14. Transfer of data S. 2209-2216

„… geological, technical, financial and economic reports made by or for the Contractor thatare necessary for and …” „… and unfair economic prejudice in case of release. There is a judicial safeguard asthe release of such …”

Article 209. Pollution from activities in the Area S. 1400-1407

„… exclusive economic zone and the continental shelf of thecoastal or archipelagic State.2 The seabed area …” „… fromtime to time as necessary.5. Dumping within the territorial sea and the exclusive economic zone or onto …”

Article 2. Legal status of the territorial sea, of the air space over the territorial sea and of its bed and subsoil S. 27-34

„… eachspace, as well as the different economic, security and practical uses to which the territorial seacan be …” „… relatively short-lived development and it lapsed as the regime of theexclusive economic zone evolved. At the …”

Article 275. Establishment of national centres S. 1801-1803

„… their marine resources for their economic benefit.2. States, through competent international …”

Article 95. Immunity of warships on the high seas S. 714-716

„… warships only on the high seas and, by virtue ofArt. 58 (2), in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ).2 The …”

Article 102. Piracy by a warship, government ship or government aircraft whose crew has mutinied S. 744-746

„… exclusive economic zone (EEZ).II. Historical Background3The present article has its origin in the League of …”

Article 157. Nature and fundamental principles of the Authority S. 1107-1115

„… other economic benefits derived from activities in the Area’ ( Art. 140 (2)). Insome respects the two …” „… , social and economic equality.43 In particular, States may within the enjoyment of theirsovereign equality …”

Article 307. Accession S. 1983-1985

„… European Union (EU), at that time referred toas European Economic Community (EEC), is the only case of an …”

Article 173. Expenses of the Authority S. 1222-1224

„… (4); and be set asidefor the purposes of the economic assistance fund referred to in S. 7 of the 1994 …”

Article 259. Legal status S. 1738-1740

„… does not affect thedelimitation of the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone or the continental …”

Article 261. Non-interference with shipping routes S. 1744-1746

„… actions not only create economic loss but may also be prejudicial to thescientific research carried out …”

Article 271. Guidelines, criteria and standards S. 1791-1793

„… economic activities; (b) The elimination of restrictive commercial practices or monopolisticactivities; (c …”

Article 15. Delimitation of the territorial sea between States with opposite or adjacent coasts S. 149-167

„… Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf between Them (Barbados v. Trinidadand Tobago), Award of 11 …” „… substantivecontent than those relating to other more extensive zones – the exclusive economic zone(EEZ) and …” „… Tobago, Relating to theDelimitation of the Exclusive Economic Zone and the Continental Shelf between Them …”

Article 34. Costs S. 2451-2453

„… mechanisms (the ICJ and the PCA), the establishment of the trust fund ofITLOS aimed to ensure that economic …”

Article 106. Liability for seizure without adequate grounds S. 753-755

„… to foreign nationals.2By virtue of Art. 58 (2), the present article applies in the exclusive economic …”

Article 132. Grant of greater transit facilities S. 933-936

„… vessels and servinginternational economic relations or the transit of a land-locked State.’33 The word …”

Article 117. Duty of States to adopt with respect to their nationals measures for the conservation of the living resources of the high seas S. 803-817

„… resources of the high seas. Whereas in theexclusive economic zone (EEZ) and territorial sea the exploitation …” „… of its exclusive economic zone, or whether Canada was justified in exercisingfisheries jurisdiction …” „… maximumsustainable yield, as qualified by relevant environmental and economic factors, including the …”

Article 283. Obligation to exchange views S. 1830-1838

„… obligations of the Russian Federation as acoastal state in its exclusive economic zone’, identifying it as the …” „… provisional arrangements of a practicalnature pending agreement on the delimitation of the exclusive economic …”

Article 5. Declarations, notifications and communications S. 2532-2540

„… Franckx/Benatar/Cambou/Janssens/Mampaey/Scotcher/Tran on Annex IX Art. 3 MN 7 (foot-notes 20 and 21)).29 Kenneth R. Simmonds, The European Economic …” „… in the field of controlof unfair economic practices, government procurement and industrial …”

Article 206. Assessment of potential effects of activities S. 1369-1378

„… into account characteristic regional features,the economic capacity of developing states and their need …” „… for economic development. Suchrules, standards and recommended practices and procedures shall be …”

Article 212. Pollution from or through the atmosphere S. 1443-1451

„… interests areaffected, be they sanitary, food-related, economic, cultural or recreational, it should be …” „… the coastal State. The airspace above theexclusive economic zone is not embraced by this provision …”

Article 238. Right to conduct marine scientific research S. 1605-1614

„… the Area and in zones under coastalStates’ jurisdiction including the exclusive economic zone (EEZ …” „… MSR is whether the increase in knowledge must be thesole purpose (‘pure’ research) or whether economic …”

Article 199. Contingency plans against pollution S. 1338-1341

„… in the Convention(e. g. ‘economic capacity’ as used in Art. 207 (4))5.8 These two closely related …”

Article 219. Measures relating to seaworthiness of vessels to avoid pollution S. 1496-1505

„… exclusive economic zone of that State.2. Where there are clear grounds for believing that a vessel …” „… the territorial sea of a State has, in the exclusive economic zone,committed a violation of applicable …”

Article 302. Disclosure of information S. 1947-1950

„… exclusive economic zone …”

Article 93. Ships flying the flag of the United Nations, its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency S. 704-707

„… economic zone (EEZ).On its application to other ocean spaces, see the discussion of the words ‘preceding …”

Article 112. Right to lay submarine cables and pipelines S. 779-782

„… seasfreedom to lay submarine cables and pipelines applies in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ));and Art. 79 …”

Article 129. Cooperation in the construction and improvement of means of transport S. 924-927

„… Transit Developing Countries).15 See http://data.worldbank.org/country/nepal.16 IMF, World Economic …”

Article 134. Scope of this Part S. 943-946

„… jurisdictionand the Area.10The rules for the delimitation of the exclusive economic zone or the continental …”

Article 262. Identification markings and warning signals S. 1746-1749

„… possibly notified to otherStates. In the case of installations in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) or on …”

Article 79. Submarine cables and pipelines on the continental shelf S. 618-628

„… onthe Continental Shelf and in the Exclusive Economic Zone, IMO Res. A.672(16) of 19 October 1989 …” „… )), and for other economic purposes (Art. 60 (1)(b)). In regards toartificial islands (Art. 60 (1)(a …”

Article 156. Establishment of the Authority S. 1097-1107

„… non-governmental institutionsand individuals from certain economic, social or academic backgrounds,11 it was …” „… dormant Economic Planning Commission( Art. 163 (1)(a)) and the Legal and Technical Commission ( Art. 163 …”

Article 295. Exhaustion of local remedies S. 1900-1903

„… laws in its exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and tounlawful hot pursuit, etc. In addition, the applicant …”

Article 29. Definition of warships S. 241-244

„… offshore installations in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Whilst this might fallwithin the scope of Arts …”

Article 44. Duties of States bordering straits S. 324-327

„… ,paragraph 1; or(b) between a part of the high seas or an exclusive economic zone and the territorial sea ofa …”

Article 113. Breaking or injury of a submarine cable or pipeline S. 782-785

„… provisions concerning the highseas to the exclusive economic zone, includes Art. 113 within its ambit. In …”

Article 225. Duty to avoid adverse consequences in the exercise of the powers of enforcement S. 1534-1537

„… ; Art. 27 (2); Art. 28 (3); Art. 30), the contiguous zone( Art. 33), the exclusive economic zone ( Art …”

Article 227. Non-discrimination with respect to foreign vessels S. 1544-1547

„… economic zone and on the continental shelf.5The principle of non-discrimination is widely used in the law …”

Article 147. Accommodation of activities in the Area and in the marine environment S. 1035-1046

„… does not affect the delimitation of the territorial sea, theexclusive economic zone or the continental …” „… the Implementa-tion Agreement: Developing Country Perspectives, Social and Economic Studies 51 (2002 …” „… economiczone (EEZ) and, despite being of slightly different structure, uses almost the same wording.5722 a …”

Article 274. Objectives of the Authority S. 1797-1801

„… for their economic benefit.2. States, through competent international organizations and the Authority …”

Article 4. Outer limit of the territorial sea S. 41-45

„… and Exclusive Economic Zone Act 1977,Act No. 28 of 26 September 1977 as amended by Act No. 146 of 1980 …”

Article 294. Preliminary proceedings S. 1896-1900

„… under the provisions of the Conventionrelating to the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and the continental …”

Article 312. Amendment S. 2019-2023

„… bereconciled with the need to allow the UNCLOS to keep up with economic, legal, political andtechnological …”

Article 87. Freedom of the high seas S. 678-682

„… commentary to Art. 89)4. As aprinciple, mare liberum reflects States’ common economic interest in unhindered …”

Article 131. Equal treatment in maritime ports S. 929-933

„… servinginternational economic relations or the transit of a land-locked State.’33 The word ‘mar-itime’ may be included …”

Article 299. Right of the parties to agree upon a procedure S. 1932-1937

„… . e. those that are exploited both within a coastalState’s exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and in an …”

Article 301. Peaceful uses of the seas S. 1943-1947

„… possible type of force, rather it islimited to force by arms,23 that is to say that political or economic …”

Article 1. Title to minerals S. 2113-2117

„… found in provisions on economic assistance14 and inthe context of membership in the various groups of …”

Article 12. Activities carried out by the Enterprise S. 2195-2199

„… ): the Legal and Technical Commission and the Economic Planning Commission beingsubsidiary organs of the …”

Article 21. Applicable law S. 2263-2267

„… essential to ensure that theAuthority can adapt to economic and scientific realities and translate these as …”

Article 28. Civil jurisdiction in relation to foreign ships S. 237-241

„… , such as damageoccasioned to offshore installations in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ). Whilst this …”

Article 34. Legal status of waters forming straits used for international navigation S. 272-276

„… economic zones or high seas; or(c) the legal regime in straits in which passage is regulated in whole or in …”

Article 92. Status of ships S. 700-704

„… , it should be observed that Art 92 applies in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) byvirtue of Art. 58 …”

Article 97. Penal jurisdiction in matters of collision or any other incident of navigation S. 721-725

„… economic zone (EEZ).2 Art. 97 essentially overturns the decision of the Permanent Court of International …”

Article 108. Illicit traffic in narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances S. 759-763

„… economic zone (EEZ). Asituation covered by Art. 108 (2) could thus implicate three States: a flag State …”

Article 215. Enforcement with respect to pollution from activities in the Area S. 1463-1467

„… economic purposesas referred to in Art. 56 (1), and installations and structures, irrespective of their …”

Article 96. Immunity of ships used only on government non-commercial service S. 716-721

„… present article haseffect in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ).II. Historical Background3The choice of …”

Article 143. Marine scientific research S. 989-1002

„… if the main orprimary aim of the activity is economic gain or commercial purpose (see infra, MN …” „… interpretation does notmean that ‘any intent of economic gain’ or ‘any time there are prospects of …”

Article 8. Internal waters S. 84-96

„… sea that were once territorial seas, high seas or exclusive economic zone (EEZ) but willbecome …” „… territorial sea,of the exclusive economic zone or of the high seas, a right of innocent passage as provided in …”

Article 7. Selection among applicants for production authorizations S. 2161-2166

„… social and economic systems or geographical locationsso as to avoid discrimination against any State or …” „… intended during the negotiations of UNCLOS in the new political and economiccircumstances that had arisen …”

Article 155. The Review Conference S. 1092-1097

„… activities in theArea, the use of the Area exclusively for peaceful purposes, economic aspects of activities …”

Article 205. Publication of reports S. 1364-1369

„… environment, including socio-economic aspects, both currentand foreseeable, building on existing regional …”

Article 281. Procedure where no settlement has been reached by the parties S. 1820-1825

„… this case, on delimitation of their exclusive economic zone and con-tinental shelf boundaries, they had …”

Article 39. Duties of ships and aircraft during transit passage S. 300-305

„… Economic Zone, Chinese JIL 9 (2010), 9–29; WolfPlesmann/Volker Röben, Marine Scientific Research: State …”

Article 98. Duty to render assistance S. 725-730

„… , below).3 By virtue of Art. 58 (2) the present Article has effect in the exclusive economic zone …”

Article 235. Responsibility and liability S. 1585-1591

„… territory, territorial sea, or exclusive economic zone suchpollution damage has been suffered.21 The 1969 …”

Article 300. Good faith and abuse of rights S. 1937-1943

„… disputes relating to the exercise of thesovereign rights of the coastal States in the exclusive economic …”

Article 5. Normal baseline S. 45-60

„… the contiguous zone ( Art. 33 (2)), theexclusive economic zone (EEZ) ( Art. 57), the default …” „… exclusive economic zone of the Federal Republic of Germany in the North Sea and in theBaltic Sea of 25 …” „… charts and geographical coordinates on the territorial sea and the exclusive economiczone in the Baltic …”

Article 5. Transfer of technology S. 2147-2154

„… establishment of new economic relations between States. See Francisco Orrego Vicun~a, Lerégime de l’exploration …”

Article 94. Duties of the flag State S. 707-714

„… virtue ofArt. 58 (2) the present article has effect in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ …”

Article 123. Cooperation of States bordering enclosed or semi-enclosed seas S. 886-893

„… economic zones (EEZ).24Non-living resources on the sea-bed and its subsoil are not mentioned and are …”

Article 216. Enforcement with respect to pollution by dumping S. 1467-1474

„… thecontinental shelf and the exclusive economic zone (EEZ). On the basis of the ISNTformulation, the Informal …”

Article 304. Responsibility and liability for damage S. 1961-1968

„… , The European Economic Community and the Law of the Sea, ODIL 11 (1982), 181–200; Giorgio Gaja …”

Article 308. Entry into force S. 1985-1992

„… referred toas European Economic Community (EEC), is the only case of an international organizationthat has …”

Article 6. Approval of plans of work S. 2154-2161

„… Parties, irrespective of their social and economic systems or geographical locationsso as to avoid …”

Article 101. Definition of piracy S. 737-744

„… exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and thus areas within State jurisdiction.32 Asthe Peruvian proposal was …”

Article 310. Declarations and Statements S. 2001-2009

„… of ‘residual rights’ in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) andof military manoeuvres in that zone in …”

Article 27. Criminal jurisdiction on board a foreign ship S. 229-237

„… ) to PartV on the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and Part XII on Protection and Preservation of …”

Article 91. Nationality of Ships S. 692-700

„… economic zone, in the territorial sea or in theinternal waters of a State, or in the archipelagic waters of …”

Article 263. Responsibility and liability S. 1749-1757

„… . In the case of installations in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) or on the continentalshelf that …”

Article 2. Prospecting S. 2117-2126

„… , sizes and distributions of those deposits and their economic values, withoutany exclusive rights. This …”

Article 13. Financial terms of contracts S. 2199-2209

„… recommendations of the EconomicPlanning Commission and the Legal and Technical Commission, adopt rules …”

Article 145. Protection of the marine environment S. 1007-1028

„… exclusive economic zone (EEZ) (see Arts. 55–75)) of any State are covered byArt. 208. Being similar in …” „… a very large scale in order to be economically feasible.72What is also clear is that the impacts …”

Article 153. System of exploration and exploitation S. 1080-1089

„… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmand S. 7 Annex of the 1994 Agreement, the Authority shall provide economic …”

Article 1. Use of terms and scope S. 17-27

„… ( Art. 76).18 As provided in Art. 121(3), rocks ‘which cannot sustain human habitation or economic life …”

Article 11. Ports S. 119-128

„… delimitation of the exclusive economic zone andcontinental shelf between adjacent/opposite States ‘are two …”

Article 311. Relation to other conventions and international agreements S. 2009-2019

„… exclusive economic zone, supersedes the GenevaConventions for their parties that are not parties to the …”

Article 192. General obligation S. 1277-1287

„… thecompetences, in particular the jurisdiction for environmental protection measures in theexclusive economic …”

Article 290. Provisional measures S. 1866-1878

„… by the coastal State of the rights and freedoms ofother States in the exclusive economic zone.27 In …”

Article 292. Prompt release of vessels and crews S. 1881-1893

„… ensuring compliance with its fisheries laws and regulations inits exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The …”

Article 4. Qualifications of applicants S. 2135-2147

„… control referred to economic and regulatory control whereasfor other States effective control amounted to …”

Article 8. Reservation of areas S. 2166-2177

„… metals of economic interest (grade) on the basis of chemical assays in (dry) weightper cent and an …”

Article 16. Exclusive right to explore and exploit S. 2224-2235

„… exercise of its functions, [the Economic Planning Commissionlike the Legal and Technical Commission] may …”

Article 76. Definition of the continental shelf S. 587-600

„… geographical conditions, thelimits of the continental shelf under its exclusive economic zone beyond its …” „… territorial sea or economiczone. The maximum limits of such continental shelf may be determined among States …”

Article 217. Enforcement by flag States S. 1474-1487

„… internal waters, territorial seaor exclusive economic zone of that State in violation of applicable …”

Article 298. Optional exceptions to applicability of section 2 S. 1918-1932

„… todelimitation of the territorial sea, exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and continental shelfboundaries respectively …”

Article 10. Bays S. 105-119

„… aimed at striking abalance between a coastal State’s perceived strong economic (e. g. fishing) and …”

Article 13. Low-tide elevations S. 131-147

„… BahamianAct respecting the territorial sea, archipelagic waters, internal waters and the exclusive economic …”

Article 4 S. 2081-2087

„… minerals from the seabed beyond national jurisdictionwill become economically viable within the near future …”

Article 16. Charts and lists of geographical coordinates S. 167-176

„… limits of other more extensive zones, such as exclusive economiczone (EEZ), do have standardised …”

Article 137. Legal status of the Area and its resources S. 957-964

„… rules cannot be alienated; hence, the economicincentive for any such recovery is diminished.II …” „… the prohibitions contained in Art. 137 will be bothlegally ineffective and economically unattractive …”

Article 139. Responsibility to ensure compliance and liability for damage S. 968-976

„… equitable sharing of financial and other economicbenefits derived from activities in the Area through any …”

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Responsible Enterprise

Series: Beck International

Volume 2021 C.H.BECK, München

Results in this title

Chapter 9. Enterprise S. 373-406

„… thelimitation of liability as unfair, not least because of the multiple economic-organiza-166 See the demand of …” „… Thereby the legal independence is overlaid byanother economic-factual compound layer and new forms of …” „… , economic or factual group. On the one hand, it will be shown that onlya broader functional definition of …”

Chapter 1. Foundations of the Corporate Social Responsibility Discussion S. 17-30

„… authoritativedeterminations in relation to it. Friedman thus affirms Carroll’s categories of economic,legal and ethical …” „… , http://www.ehrbarerkaufmann.de/, last accessed on 30/9/2016; on the economic facts Oberhuber, Die Mogelei der Versicherer, F.A.Z …” „… self-regulation alone, but ratherconsiders the economic incentives to abuse trust and respectability based systems …”

Chapter 10. Responsibility S. 407-462

„… a qualitative differentiation is required between the company law,contract law and economic-factual …” „… enterprises (economic/political responsibility – meso-level) and on the framework conditions of a social …” „… enterprisecompetence, as well concerning the societal, economic and legal frameworks thatdetermine responsibility.The …”

Introduction S. 1-14

„… , especially economic,educational or reputation-related steering approaches that complete the “smart mix …” „… Axel Weber at the World Economic Forum 2013 in Davos, “Axel Weber fordert globaleinheitliche …” „… also to economic and environmental concerns.21 CR is also under-stood at times as a generic term for …”

Chapter 8. Evaluation of the CSR Discourse and Further Questions S. 367-370

„… toCarroll, enterprise responsibility is stratified in the categories “economic”, “legal”,“ethical” and …” „… economic power or other influence is used and instrumentalized todemand “responsible business”. These …” „… application of economic power (e.g. byinvestors or purchasers) for CSR objectives ultimately leads to yet more …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVIII

„… EnterpriseResponsibleEnterpriseThe emergence of aglobal economic orderbyBirgit Spiesshofer2018C. H. BECK HART NOMOSPublished …” „… theglobal commerce driven, significantly increased economic importance of enterprises(and the linked …” „… discussion about enterpriseresponsibility and the development of a global economic order. More than two …”

Chapter 7. Sector-specific CSR Conceptions S. 241-366

„… Nations Economic Commission for Africa, November 2011 …” „… law).The Africa Mining Vision9 aims for a wide socio-economic development strategy thatis essentially based …” „… the social, economic and institutional development of the communities in which weoperate.10. Implement …”

Chapter 2. CSR Conceptions of the United Nations S. 31-132

„… , in connection with the New International Economic Order, the UN Economicand Social Council (ECOSOC …” „… the Declaration on theEstablishment of a New International Economic Order,1 which, against the …” „… backgroundof the new independence of many countries from colonial rule, proclaimed a newinternational economic …”

Chapter 3. The OECD CSR Conception S. 133-164

„… Chapter 3The OECD CSR ConceptionThe Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD …” „… make to economic and social progress and minimize andresolve difficulties which may arise from their …” „… requirements which can be enforced in a court like40 See Weidmann, p. 33, FN. 31: Economic, in the sense of Art …”

Epilogue S. 549-550

„… requirements and expectations. Theyhave contractual, corporate and factual-economic power, which they can use …” „… actors like trade unions.The development of a transnational economic order is necessary and irreversible …”

Chapter 6. National CSR Strategies S. 219-240

„… , there is anabundance of CSR policies, initiatives, guidelines and economic incentives which,analogous to …” „… to the need,provoked by the economic globalization, for law beyond national law for …” „… state interests in economic development, on theone hand, and the basic rights of third parties and the …”

Chapter 11. Governance S. 463-548

„… Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the EuropeanEconomic and Social …” „… bindingness. The National Contact Points, in Ger-many located in the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and …” „… “almost universal recognition by the affected economic entities”,flanked by severe disadvantages on …”

Chapter 4. The ISO CSR Conception S. 165-208

„… . (2012), p. 480, 501.44 Memorandum of Understanding Between the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and …” „… . Thesesocial, economic and environmental goals are interdependent and mutually reinforcing …” „… , contractual, economic or otherrelationships through which an organization (2.12) has the ability to affect the …”

Chapter 5. CSR Strategy of the European Union S. 209-218

„… integrity related regulations, directives and decisions, as well as an abundance of softlaw, and economic …” „… regarding social,environmental and economic aims.32 In the mid-1990s, the EU took up the issue of CSRas such …” „… Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the EuropeanEconomic and Social Committee and the …”

Bibliography S. 551-592

„… /papers.cfm?abstrac-t_id=508802##, last accessed 08/03/2017.Id.: Economic Globalisation and the Rise of Efficient Systems …” „… , the Role of Enterprises and the Implementation of Social and Economic Rights: AComparison of …” „… . Self-Governance and Law inTransnational Economic Transactions. Oxford 2008.Dine, Janet/Koutsias, Marios: The …”

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Die Allianz

2015 C.H.BECK, München

Results in this title

“Insurance Must Make Money” – Economic Development and Adaptation S. 159-172

„… 159“Insurance Must Make Money” – Economic Development and Adaptation der Hitler, “National …” „… any of the Weimar governments had had and subordinated economic activity energetically to its social …” „… cultivated and maintained an arbitrariness in economic questions from the first moment on until 1945 that …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… “Insurance Must Make Money” – Economic Development and Adaptation 159 Allianz, its Jewish Employees and …” „… 186 4. 1948–1970 The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth 205 (Stefan Pretzlik) A New Corporate …”

The European Single Market S. 318-323

„… was supposed to create “the largest uniform economic zone in the world, with the greatest purchasing …” „… a gradual alignment of the social, economic, and monetary policies of the European countries.252 …” „… economic unit was in demand, but did not yet exist to the extent that was actually necessary. “The dynamics …”

Allianz Pensions S. 212-215

„… 212 4. 1948–1970 The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth seum, the Neue Pinakothek – who wished …” „… campaign advertising life insurance. 214 4. 1948–1970 The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth ployees …” „… the phase of economic growth that set in at this time, the entitlements of the AVK members …”

Foreword S. 9-11

„… and component within both German and global economic and insurance history, obliges the company to …” „… Imperial Germany and the First World War, during the political instability, inflation and economic …” „… incipient economic stability in the wake of the German currency reform in 1948. The final three chapters …”

A New Corporate Headquarters S. 205-210

„… 205 1948 –1970 4. 1948–1970 The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth THE ECONOMIC MIRACLE AND …” „… getting there. 4. 1948–1970 The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth 206 4. 1948–1970 The Economic …” „… to Munich.” He understood what was at stake: “In light of the great economic significance that the …”

The Clients Come with Their Cars S. 215-218

„… Germany was founded; with a social market economy, it was to follow a liberal economic policy. The …” „… starting situation for economic recovery was surprisingly good: war destruction and dismantling by the …” „… economic growth, a phase of economic prosperity that lasted until 1973 with only brief interruptions …”

1933: Kurt Schmitt, Allianz, and National Socialism S. 143-159

„… that the Nazi government could present its economic principles and goals and to clear up any concerns …” „… to influence the development of the economic policies of the party.”19 Schmitt was of the same …” „… the insurance industry in pending discussions of economic policy, and to follow economic policy …”

From Reunification to Global Player Status S. 340-345

„… markets de veloped.43 Political and economic reforms were the necessary preconditions for the economies …” „… development. In this emotionally heated atmosphere, Schieren demonstrated a keen sense for economic …” „… cleared before Kohl’s vision could become reality on an economic level.49 “The Treuhand Agency was …”

Roaring Twenties? – Rationalization, Growth, Crisis S. 105-123

„… amount of money in circulation. The following February, there was an economic upturn again in a few …” „… metropolis of culture. And in 1927, an economic upturn finally began, as well. Financial institutions …” „… years, economic conditions stabilized, giving breathing room to the war-afflicted and crisis-afflicted …”

The Difficulty of Rebooting International Business S. 251-257

„… “that 252 4. 1948–1970 The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth the reconstruction of this branch has …” „… Hall of the Pallavicini Palace the most successful agents are honored. 254 4. 1948–1970 The Economic …” „… – Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Italy, and Germany – founded the European Economic …”

War, Peace, Reconstruction S. 186-205

„… gave the inexperienced Göring free reign in matters of economic policy so that the economics ministry …” „… 1936, National Socialist economic policy had aimed to arm Germany to make it ready for war as quickly …” „… economic results could not be produced by political will and an increase in money supply alone, adding …”

The Company Undergoes Change S. 224-231

„… 224 4. 1948–1970 The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth Hansjörg Dorschel continued to draw his …” „… economic and social sciences in 1934. That same year, he started as a volunteer at the Neue Frankfurter …” „… . 1948–1970 The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth Frankfurt branch began systematically selling …”

A Strong Community with a Future S. 374-377

„… resilient in the face of the economic and financial crises that have emerged over the past 15 years. As …” „… global in its scope. This was evident during the crisis of the New Economy in 2000; the economic …” „… August 5, 2014, Mohamed El-Erian, chief economic advisor for Allianz, described what he termed the “new …”

Allianz Agents S. 237-242

„… West Germany’s economic make-up, and one that had secured harmony in society. “The strong economic …” „… inspection service and 238 4. 1948–1970 The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth managed with the help of …” „… agent in Inside view of an Allianz agency in Buende, Westphalia. 240 4. 1948–1970 The Economic Miracle …”

How Allianz Survived Hyperinflation S. 98-105

„… economic and currency crisis, and the sooner and the more we will then be able to call those colleagues …” „… revenues in fields not sensitive to economic fluctuations. Many smaller firms, or specialist insurance …” „… February, there was an economic upturn again in a few leading sectors, and firms hired new staff, until the …”

Allianz at the Start of the 21st Century S. 362-365

„… grew ever stronger, global economic events and trends had a greater impact on Allianz as well. But the …” „… Founding of the SE ness models best suited to responding to worldwide social and economic developments.135 …” „… , families will feel the impact of climate change on their economic existence as farmers or small …”

A New Allianz – A New Generation Takes Over S. 71-84

„… Versailles peace conference – in 1919 described in his polemical essay, The Economic Consequences of the …” „… . As stormy as politics may be in the next few years, so lifeless and impoverished will economic life …” „… in the history of the company. But at first, uncertainty prevailed. Allianz faced enormous economic …”

Codetermination in the Company S. 234-237

„… 234 4. 1948–1970 The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth workweek, and in March 1960, when …” „… in Cologne in 1966. 236 4. 1948–1970 The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth of 1951, the employee …” „… accepted codetermination as an integral part of West Germany’s economic make-up, and one that had secured …”

Allianz in Asia S. 345-352

„… this disparate economic region with its often serious hurdles to setting up businesses, Asian …” „… percent. How could the company succeed in overcoming the elementary economic, cultural and linguistic …” „… furious economic expansion in Asia, is the central factor that determines the success of employee …”

Allianz during the 1990s S. 323-328

„… of the Iron Curtain, a whole new dimension of global economic (and soon communicative) interconnection …” „… the nearly abandoned hope that the division of Germany could be overcome. In terms of economic …” „… necessary for the economic reconstruction of what was still the German Democratic Republic. He added weight …”

The Founding of the SE S. 365-374

„… 365The Founding of the SE ness models best suited to responding to worldwide social and economic …” „… the world, families will feel the impact of climate change on their economic existence as farmers …” „… of directors in 1998 with responsibility for reporting to the board on this division. Economic …”

The Little Man and Life Insurance S. 242-244

„… 242 4. 1948–1970 The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth Matchbox advertising fulfilled all the …” „… all to a rise in the number of industrial life insurance policies being taken out. The economic …” „… the cumulative amount saved up in a life insurance policy if it had 244 4. 1948–1970 The Economic …”

Change of Command and of Generations S. 257-264

„… first two postwar decades represent the fastest economic growth that Germany has ever experienced. For …” „… required a fundamental change in economic policy: measures to stabilize the currency by means of a policy …” „… Internationalization worsening economic circumstances, foreign business increasingly came into consideration. German …”

Sag’ es heiter, Du kommst weiter (Say It with Cheer, and You’ll Keep on Going!) S. 218-222

„… 218 4. 1948–1970 The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth Sag’ es heiter, Du kommst weiter! (Say …” „… artist Ulrik Schramm illustrated underinsurance. 220 4. 1948–1970 The Economic Miracle and Unlimited …” „… insurance.33 222 4. 1948–1970 The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth Hoffentlich Allianz versichert …”

New Investment Principles S. 244-249

„… 244 4. 1948–1970 The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth been taken out before 1940 up until the …” „… , Allianz 246 4. 1948–1970 The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth had at first reduced its share of …” „… The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth been doing it for much longer. Beginning in the 1950s, the …”

Change in Allianz’s Corporate Culture S. 328-334

„… heretofore unusual degree of presence on economic committees, in society and in the public sphere – for …” „… their actions within the Nazi economic system. In this fashion, Allianz confronted its historical and …” „… also commissioned an academic study on the history of Allianz during the Nazi period. Economic …”

A New Head Office S. 210-212

„… 210 4. 1948–1970 The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth assembly then unanimously resolved …” „… The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth seum, the Neue Pinakothek – who wished to erect a high-rise …”

Hoffentlich Allianz versichert (Hopefully Covered by Allianz) S. 222-224

„… 222 4. 1948–1970 The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth Hoffentlich Allianz versichert …” „… The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth Hansjörg Dorschel continued to draw his figures for many …”

Forced Expansion of Foreign Business S. 298-305

„… Volkswagen do Brasil. However, both regions were marked by economic and political instability, which made …” „… economic downturn, gloomy prospects for the labor market, problems with sales in the economy, and what he …” „… financing of holdings with equity capital, holdings in firms from other economic sectors (less than 25 …”

Mastering Crises: Moderation, Conversion, and Mergers S. 84-98

„… 84 2. 1918–1933 Crises, Rationalization, and Growth poli tical and economic factors typical of that …” „… annual premium revenues. Even in this tense social and economic situation, in which the number of …” „… and economic recovery generally known in Germany as the Golden Twenties as the strongest universal …”

On the Way to Becoming Allianz Staff S. 231-234

„… The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth August 1949, which reduced the number of workers by April …” „… Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth workweek, and in March 1960, when working hours were further reduced …” „… the less economically prosperous 1970s; without any further big changes, the company could focus on …”

1985: Becoming the Allianz AG Holding Company S. 305-308

„… 1982, Wolfgang Schieren formulated his answer to the problems of the time, such as the economic …” „… financing of holdings with equity capital, holdings in firms from other economic sectors (less than 25 …”

1999: A New Corporate Design S. 358-362

„… update its public image and marketing to keep pace with economic developments in the second half of …” „… globalization.” As international connections and input grew ever stronger, global economic events and trends …”

The Founding of Allianz S. 13-24

„… ), Friedrich Hammacher (economic politician), and Bruno Pohl (accident insurance expert). Together with Merck …” „… . The political center developed an enormous economic dynamic and soon became the financial center of …” „… well as an important economic policy maker in the National Liberal Party, he had considerable …”

Communication: Newspapers, Advertising, Public Relations S. 123-135

„… instruction,” available to all. The readership was to be informed in simple language about economic …” „… Economic Council; Hilgard belonged, among other things, to the board of directors of the insurance …” „… demands for reparations put the brakes on economic reconstruction in Germany and burdened relations …”

1985–1990: Changes in Allianz’s International Business after Formation of the Holding Company S. 308-318

„… had to be found. This was supposed to create “the largest uniform economic zone in the world, with the …” „… supposed to promote a gradual alignment of the social, economic, and monetary policies of the European …” „… economic unit was in demand, but did not yet exist to the extent that was actually necessary. “The dynamics …”

Asset Management and Banking Operations S. 352-358

„… funds, an ideal sector for a country characterized by strong economic growth and a relatively young …” „… update its public image and marketing to keep pace with economic developments in the second half of …”

The Founding of Allianz International Insurance Co. Ltd., London S. 296-298

„… industrial policies, one of them being Volkswagen do Brasil. However, both regions were marked by economic …”

Dealing with New Risks: The Dawning of the Atomic Age S. 249-251

„… insurance division on Allianz’s 250 4. 1948–1970 The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth board of …”

Allianz, its Jewish Employees and Clients, and the Anti-Semitic Policies of the National Socialist Regime S. 172-186

„… economic reasons “so long as all the operating corporations in Germany have not fully realized the Aryan …” „… next morning, the office of Hermann Göring, who at this time was the dominant politician for economic …” „… dismissed in 1933 from his post as ministerial counselor in the Saxon Economics Ministry on account of his …”

Notes S. 377-423

„… Growth 1 John Maynard Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace (London, 1920), p. 2. 2 …” „… , 100 Jahre Allianz (Munich 1990), pp. 205–9. 1948–1970 · The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth 1 …” „… 1929 bis 1957.” 3994. The Economic Miracle and Unlimited Growth 15 Direktionspost, Munich, March 18 …”

The Early Years S. 24-28

„… administrative and bureaucratic activities. Economic development also increased the per capita income and …”

Nuclear Energy: Insuring a Radiant Vision of the 1970s S. 285-289

„… other areas of environmental, economic, and terrorist risks.125 In the last forty years, a sustained …”

Success in the Life Insurance Business S. 276-281

„… continued the successes of the sector during the days of the “economic miracle.” Indeed, in the following …”

The Process of Transformation in the 1990s S. 334-340

„… Political and economic reforms were the necessary preconditions for the economies to be restructured in …”

Rationalization and Cost Management S. 271-276

„… continued the successes of the sector during the days of the “economic miracle.” Indeed, in the following …”

International Markets S. 135-143

„… economic reconstruction in Germany and burdened relations between former business associates; the question …”

The View across the Borders: First Steps Abroad S. 289-296

„… 1970s, the focus of his work was clearly on Europe and the markets of the European Economic Community …”

Foreign Business and the First World War S. 58-71

„… Versailles peace conference – in 1919 described in his polemical essay, The Economic Consequences of the …”

The Insurance Official and the “Fräulein” S. 28-39

„… activities. Economic development also increased the per capita income and awoke new consumer needs. Levels …” „… their roles as wives and mothers by enrolling in home economics courses. Driven by their social need …”

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Climate Change Litigation

Series: Beck International

Volume 2021 C.H.BECK, München

Results in this title

II. The perspective of economic analysis and legal functionalism S. 452-455

„… economic relevance, it dominates the debate concerning the need of private companies and their managing …” „… capacity as economic owners of the corporate-operated enterprise and are therefore authorized to determine …” „… of creditor protection.13 II. The perspective of economic analysis and legal functionalism 1. The …”

II. Challenges (and possibilities) for global governance and international law S. 3-7

„… Regime that Works for the Paris Agreement, Economic&Political Weekly, Vol. 54, Issue No. 50, 21 December …” „… technological, economic and social factors needs to happen within the next 10–15 years; the ‘critical decade’ in …” „… : the fundamental system-wide re-organisation across economic, social and technological factors …”

III. Key frameworks: ‘sustainability’, ‘environmental justice’ – and ‘ecological justice’ S. 26-33

„… ‘economic’, market-oriented thought. The “environmental rights” approach has its main base in (Western …” „… ‘environmental rights’ are to some extent open for socio-economic and ecological extensions beyond their …” „… , ecological, economic, sociological, political and cultural thought (and imagination) in analysing …”

II. Climate change law and litigation in Brazil S. 274-279

„… largest greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter, if the European Economic Community (EEC) is considered as a group …” „… generations. Economic damage caused to nations by global warming is evident, as illustrated by the recently …” „… ). The act determines, among other objectives, that there must be compatibility of economic and social …”

I. Introduction S. 450-452

„… Economic Analysis, Yale University Press 1970; Chatzinerantzis/Appel, Haftung für den Klimawandel, NJW 2019 …” „… Cases, 52 University of Chicago Law Review 611 (1985); Easterbrook/Fischel, The Economic Structure of …” „… reformierten Kapitalmarktsanktionsrechts, NZG 2015, 1097; Shavell, Foundations of Economic Analysis of Law …”

1. Addressing the causes of climate change S. 7-12

„… Regime that Works for the Paris Agreement, Economic&Political Weekly, Vol. 54, Issue No. 50, 21 December …” „… not) from fossil fuel use, land use and conservation, pollution and unsustainable economic growth …” „… rethinking of the concept of economic growth and its legal underpinnings. Economic development needs to be …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXXII

„… ................................................................................................ .... 452 II. The perspective of economic analysis and legal functionalism …” „… , Compensation dand Liability Act CETA ................................. Comprehensive Economic and Trade …” „… , Economic Commission for Europe ECHR ................................. European Convention on Human Rights …”

IV. Climate litigation in Brazil: analyses of cases S. 281-286

„… beyond the limits of the interests of the Municipality of Paulinia, affecting the state economic order …” „… matter, involving social, economic and political issues. Such as: (i) the relevant decrease – progressive …” „… practice without making the economic activity unfeasible. The Court clarified that the exception provided …”

III. Litigation relating to the authority of the federal government to address climate change S. 258-262

„… not inherently dangerous.37 It maintained that the RFRs were properly characterized as an economic …” „… the RFRs were not an economic measure, even if they reflected a careful consideration of the effects …” „… that the indirect economic effects of the exercise of criminal law power did not affect a law’s …”

IV. Times, spaces (and agents) of global warming S. 33-43

„… questioning of ‘our’ economic modes of production, distribution and consumption. To be sure, in the face of …” „… (legal rules of succession), or socio-economic criteria (compensation for socio-economic benefits …” „… b) Economic, social, ‘cultural’ and ‘identity’ spaces: ‘skewed’ para-environmental justice. And …”

IV. Major legal issues S. 14-17

„… Under these and other scenarios, there might be a turn to courts in seeking to address the economic and …” „… of massive compensation claims might exert enough political and economic chill to influence …” „… economic value, remained an open one. Only recently has the ICJ started to evaluate environmental harm in …”

I. Introduction S. 469-470

„… : https://www.blackrock.com/corporate/literature/whitepaper/viewpoint-towards-a-common-language-forsustainable-investing-january-2020.pdf; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD work in support of climate …” „… _investment_stewardship_ annual_report.pdf; World Economic Forum, The Global Risks Report 2020, 15 January 2020 available …” „… at: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Global_Risk_Report_2020.pdf; World Economic Forum, The Net Zero …”

I. Introduction: climate change – a global threat S. 2-3

„… Elimination of Discrimination Against Women, Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Committee on …” „… Agreement, Economic & Political Weekly, Vol. 54, Issue No. 50, (December 2019); Desierto, “Environmental …” „… exceeds 1.5 degrees Centigrade, the consequences will be deeply disruptive for human systems (economic …”

II. Historical development and state of recognition S. 46-48

„… Foundations, 2019, p. 85 (86). 2 OECD, Guiding Principles concerning International Environmental Economic …” „… conceived as an economic principle that was oriented at the concept of internalisation of external costs as …” „… European Economic Community the PPP was first recognized politically by the Environmental Action Programme …”

V. Contents and limits S. 54-58

„… In the same direction, one may invoke the constitutional protection of economic interests of …” „… Sadeleer, Principles p. 42. 53 OECD, Recommendation of the Council on the Use of Economic Instruments in …” „… is unfair or unjust. This may be due to unreasonable economic or social consequences for industry and …”

I. The German law of non-contractual liability: an overview S. 407-410

„… Compensation for Climate Change Damages – A Legal and Economic Assessment, 32 Energy Policy 1109 (2004 …” „… . Normally, the parties concerned have nothing to do with each other, do not operate in the same economic …” „… not protect, namely pure economic losses, i.e. losses that are not the consequence of the infringement …”

3. Response measures to climate change S. 13-14

„… seeking to address the economic and social side effects of regulation – for example, workers that get laid …” „… Vattenfall and Germany, the threat of massive compensation claims might exert enough political and economic …” „… environment, beyond resources of a direct economic value, remained an open one. Only recently has the ICJ …”

II. Regulatory and planning framework on climate change in Italy S. 325-329

„… Environment and of the Economic Development) and the National Register of quotas to account for their release …” „… economic point of view, coherently integrating other strategies already in place. III. “Giudizio universale …” „… attributable to the economic crisis of 2008 and the consequent drop in production, as well as to the relocation …”

III. “Giudizio universale” (the last judgment): a high-profile case to be litigated by the first months of 2020 S. 329-333

„… more resilient and competitive from an economic point of view, coherently integrating other strategies …” „… % by 2020. Moreover, part of the reduction that occurred is attributable to the economic crisis of 2008 …” „… or other forms of economic compensation but instead demand that the state adhere to scientific …”

VI. Instruments S. 58-60

„… concept tend to consider economic instruments as the only or at least as key instruments of the PPP …” „… illusion to assume that economic instruments necessarily lead to a complete or far-going internalisation …” „… function in relation to administrative regulation and even economic instruments and may fill at least part …”

II. Greenhouse gas reduction obligations of EU Member States under EU law S. 219-221

„… gas-emission reduction among the Member States relative to the overall economic development of each state. 7The …” „… States relative to the overall economic development of each state.16 For example, Germany has to reduce …” „… of CO2 is established, taking into account the challenges and economic interests of Member States …”

II. Climate law and governance in Canada S. 255-258

„… pursue fossil-fuel based economic activities. See: “Greenhouse Gas Emissions” (2019), online: the …” „… economic measure aimed at the creation of a local market for renewable fuels, rather than the reduction of …” „… held that the RFRs were not an economic measure, even if they reflected a careful consideration of the …”

IV. Innovations in investment law & policy related to clean energy, climate change and sustainable development S. 182-196

„… climate change prevention. 41For instance, the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between …” „… sustainable development, in which States ‘recognise that economic development, social development and …” „… 2/2017/2017-09-07-x1/html/si-tr47-eng.html. 123 Canada-European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade and Agreement …”

IX. Conclusion S. 446-447

„… 179 (2015), 173; Calabresi, The Costs of Accidents: A Legal and Economic Analysis, Yale University …” „… Review 611 (1985); Easterbrook/Fischel, The Economic Structure of Corporate Law, Harvard University Press …” „… Sanctions, 84 Columbia Law Review 1523 (1984); Cooter/Ulen, Law and Economics, 5th ed., Pearson Addison …”

II. International policy & treaty commitments to climate justice & investment in carbon neutral/negative sustainable development S. 169-173

„… Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) noted that to meet the targets set out in the global …” „… emissions and build resilience, offered an intervention on the benefits of 6 Organization for Economic …” „… differences between nations, particularly their varying economic circumstances, reliance on HFC technologies …”

I. Introduction S. 46

„… Verursacherprinzip im Öffentlichen Recht, Duncker & Humblot 1997; Gaines, The Polluter-Pays Principle: From Economic …” „… Foundations, 2019, p. 85 (86). 2 OECD, Guiding Principles concerning International Environmental Economic …” „… Press 2009, p. 411; Bugge, The Principles of “Polluter Pays” in Economics and Law, in: van den Berg/Eide …”

VII. Summary S. 403-405

„… concerns about foisting off individual economic consequences of climate change arbitrarily on individual …” „… – A Legal and Economic Assessment, 32 Energy Policy 1109 (2004); Vierhaus/von Schweinitz, in …”

II. Climate change arrived in the investment community S. 470-471

„… impact that it will have on economic growth and prosperity – a risk that markets to date have been slower …” „… economic implications of aligning an investment portfolio with climate goals (4.). 1. Insufficient …”

III. Climate protection and current corporate law S. 455-464

„… ., 2019, § 93, mn. 24. 54 On the economic background cf. already Number II. 2. 55 For derivation from …” „… Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the …” „… management board is convinced that the direct economic implications in the form of reduced production costs …”

V. Coda: “more time tunnels of different sizes” S. 43-45

„… , economic and ecological thought (supra mn. 12), to acknowledge aspects of reparative justice by evaluating …” „… 1997; Gaines, The Polluter-Pays Principle: From Economic Equity to Environmental Ethics, 26 Tex. Int. L …” „… are framed geographically, ecologically, (socio‐)economically, politically and legally. The range of …”

III. Climate change litigation guiding investment risk assessment & decision-making S. 173-182

„… agency’s economic rationale to lower fuel costs, the Court emphasized the application of the precautionary …” „… highlighted relevant science affirming the ‘ecological, economic, and social’ functions of mangrove forests …” „… economic interests of the company as a result of climate-related financial risks. According to ClientEarth …”

I. Introduction S. 82-83

„… change on indigenous people – the implications for the cultural, spiritual, economic and legal rights of …” „… establishment of a more just and equitable international economic order as well as the eradication of irrational …”

II. Constitutional foundations S. 83-85

„… more just and equitable international economic order as well as the eradication of irrational patterns …” „… individual freedoms, e.g. economic activities causing harm to the environment. Whether they can be invoked in …”

I. Introduction S. 218-219

„… .), Varieties of European Economic Law and Regulation, Springer Science, 2014, 123; Saurer, Neue Entwicklungen …” „… among the Member States relative to the overall economic development of each state. 7The basic principle …”

II. Analysis: structures of judicial involvement in climate protection S. 66-72

„… diverging economic and environmental interests.36 The Carvalho case provides the Court of Justice with the …” „… Peoples’ Rights, The Social and Economic Rights Action Center and the Center for Economic and Social …”

I. Introduction S. 509-513

„… Environment and the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development: available at …” „… circumstances. As a prerequisite, the NGO would have to present with an economic self-interest in the …” „… elimination of the impairment of the property.33 Such an economic self-interest might not generally be assumed …”

III. Legal remedies which may be used in climate litigation in Brazil S. 279-281

„… by constitutional right provisions for respect to free enterprise as a principle of economic …” „… economic development and profit within a reality marked by clean and sustainable energy can be verified in …”

I. Introduction S. 535-537

„… economic and energy system. It will therefore still take decades before there are no greenhouse gas …” „… distribution.13 At the same time, human dignity is at stake, since the economic and ecological subsistence …”

II. Random sampling: Lliuya v. RWE – approaching liabilities for climate damages inductively S. 23-26

„… ‘economic’, market-oriented thought. The “environmental rights” approach has its main base in (Western …” „… ‘environmental rights’ are to some extent open for socio-economic and ecological extensions beyond their …” „… ) common good and public welfare?11 Might the EU and Germany as the political and socio-economical units …”

I. Introduction S. 168-169

„… for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) noted that to meet the targets set out in the global …” „… emissions and build resilience, offered an intervention on the benefits of 6 Organization for Economic …”

III. Why is investor-led action needed? S. 471-475

„… economic implications of aligning an investment portfolio with climate goals (4.). 1. Insufficient …” „… to consider the implications of climate change in an economic context.46 A number of initiatives …”

II. Climate change through the environmental impact assessment process S. 290-299

„… economic and social impacts upon the State of Queensland’.29 17This decision was appealed to the Court of …” „… scope 3 emissions, and the need to balance environmental impacts against economic ones. 19In the Wandoan …” „… cumulative basis; and 6. Cost rules, environmental impacts and economic evidence have been clarified.54 47 …”

4. Private enforcement S. 554-558

„… addressed in law or politics. (…) Successful strategic litigation brings about lasting political, economic …” „… into account, then dismissed actions can also be successes if they sensitize economic actors and the …”

III. Development of a regime on environmental liability: From liability for transboundary harm to genuine international environmental liability S. 152-161

„… economic interest in the use of an impaired environment, and the costs of measures taken to prevent …” „… liable in accordance with the present Protocol; (iii) Loss of income directly deriving from an economic …” „… State has the sovereignty to use its territory in accordance with its economic and environmental …”

V. Perspective climate litigation to enforce climate law S. 525-530

„… economic strength); for Germany this amounts to 38 % compared to 2005. Annually, the available emission …” „… continue to cause environmental damage and threaten economic development. In this respect, it is …”

II. Climate change disputes S. 99-100

„… action. A huge number of contracts will be concluded amongst companies and other economic players in …”

V. Conclusion: potential and limitations of judicial climate protection S. 80-81

„… change on indigenous people – the implications for the cultural, spiritual, economic and legal rights of …”

I. Introduction S. 324-325

„… Environment and of the Economic Development) and the National Register of quotas to account for their release …”

4. Duties of protection S. 539-540

„… fuels by a foreign state or state-owned enterprise, since this constitutes a (private) economic activity …”

1. Procedures before civil courts S. 540-541

„… foreign state or state-owned enterprise, since this constitutes a (private) economic activity.49 15 …”

1. USA S. 543-544

„… avoidable, taking economic aspects and the common interest in long-term energy supplies into account.88 …”

2. Basic right or state objective: climate protection in the national constitutions? S. 552-553

„… take economic and social concerns into consideration. As a result, such a basic right would ultimately …”

3. Emission reduction objectives in the constitution? S. 553-554

„… take economic and social concerns into consideration. As a result, such a basic right would ultimately …”

II. The concept of environmental damage S. 489-496

„… the PA. 16 Therefore, one must refer to the scientific, technical, and socio-economic findings on the …” „… socio-economic knowledge on climate change available to the global community. 24 IPCC, Summary for Policymakers …”

I. Introduction S. 98-99

„… economic players in order to re-organise 1 Cf …”

IV. Conclusions S. 377-378

„… under the supervision of the relevant ministers. The Minister of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy …”

IV. Conclusion and outlook S. 215-217

„… .), Varieties of European Economic Law and Regulation, Springer Science, 2014, 123; Saurer, Neue Entwicklungen …”

IV. Suitability of arbitration proceedings for climate change disputes S. 105-114

„… economy into a sustainable economic system.63 In the Paris Agreement developed countries have committed to …” „… the management and influence the strategy and economic decisions of the company. A variety of attempts …”

I. Introduction: global warming’s spatiotemporal strangeness – “tricky” to imagine S. 23

„… ......................................................................................... 43 b) Economic, social, ‘cultural’ and ‘identity’ spaces: ‘skewed’ paraenvironmental justice …” „… , in: Gethmann/ Kloepfer/Nutzinger (eds.), Langzeitverantwortung im Umweltstaat, Economica 1993, p. 22 …”

V. Conclusion S. 286-288

„… them for direct economic use, with the permanent incentive of easy profit and short-term benefits …” „… Institute on Climate Change and the Environment and the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy 2019 …”

IV. Local court cases that are relevant to climate change litigation in Italy S. 333-335

„… economic and productive point of view. 40 The first case related to Lombardy was decided in 201726. Some …”

I. Introduction S. 337-338

„… the energy transition and green growth for increased economic activity and employment. Law n …”

IV. Conclusion and prospects S. 464-466

„… February 2019, the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development submitted a draft of a …”

IV. Time for investor-led action S. 475-477

„… highlighted the urgent need for investors to consider the implications of climate change in an economic …”

IV. State liability under international and European law S. 541-543

„… avoidable, taking economic aspects and the common interest in long-term energy supplies into account.88 …”

III. Climate change litigation in private law S. 346-363

„… 2001 on New Economic Regulations (“sur les nouvelles régulations économiques”) provided in its Art. 116 …” „… the situation of the company, the development of its business activities, its economic and financial …” „… , 67 (72). 76 Ibid. (73). 77 Environmental damage can cause many different types of damage (economic …”

III. EU Member State liability within the non-ETS sector: the obligation to purchase surplus allocations from other Member States as financial sanction S. 221-223

„… , taking into account the challenges and economic interests of Member States with a GDP below the Union …”

II. A prominent case in German courts: Saúl Ananías Luciano Lliuya vs. RWE AG S. 410-412

„… Section 823 (1) BGB. In particular, pure economic interests remain outside the scope of protection. Thus …”

I. Introduction S. 254-255

„… pursue fossil-fuel based economic activities. See: “Greenhouse Gas Emissions” (2019), online: the …”

IV. Functions S. 51-54

„… emancipation of the PPP from economic thinking and its conversion into a legal principle one has to pose the …” „… . instrumental orientation 20 The origin of the PPP in environmental economics suggests that the gist of the PPP …” „… . However, to the extent that the PPP has emancipated from economics and evolved to a legal principle, the …”

III. The Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights S. 85-88

„… economic policy, the authorities must necessarily involve appropriate investigations and studies in order …”

V. Arbitral institutions and climate change S. 114-118

„… influence the strategy and economic decisions of the company. A variety of attempts are being made to oblige …”

IV. Legal effects S. 502-505

„… The economic performance of the responsible party can be considered as well.94 57 Yet even if applying …”

I. Introduction S. 272-274

„… ) emitter, if the European Economic Community (EEC) is considered as a group. If it is not considered, the …” „… M. Climate change litigation in Brazil Bibliography: Appelbaum, 2018 Nobel in Economics is Awarded …” „… https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/08/business/economicscience-nobel-prize.html (accessed on: 1/10/2019); Associated Press …”

V. Liability of EU Member States under Francovich doctrine? S. 224-236

„… .), Varieties of European Economic Law and Regulation, 2014, 123 (143). 109 See inter alia …” „… economic considerations.” 121 ECJ, Opinion 2/3 of the Court [2014], ECLI:EU:C:2014:2454. J. Liability of EU …” „… interpretation of what may be deemed to be loss or damage, comprising “any economically quantifiable detriments …”

IV. Evaluation: the legitimate functions of courts in climate protection S. 76-80

„… concerns and other, in particular economic interests. Against this background it is argued, in the spirit …”

I. Introduction S. 120-123

„… international level, either in the framework of regional economic integration (in particular within the EU; see …”

III. Emerging avenues for climate change litigation S. 299-303

„… of Human Rights, and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, including …”

II. The scientific bases of climate change S. 382-386

„… individual case at hand. (…) Successful strategic litigation brings about lasting political, economic or …”

III. Arbitration proceedings S. 100-105

„… disputes. The Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement between the EU and Canada (CETA) adopted in 2016 …”

I. Introduction S. 306-308

„… Finally, the UK’s imminent exit from the European Union will see a new era of political and economic …”

I. Introduction S. 380-382

„… strategic litigation brings about lasting political, economic or social changes and develops the existing …”

VI. Conclusion S. 530-535

„… change will continue to cause environmental damage and threaten economic development. In this respect, it …”

III. Other developments in the Netherlands S. 372-377

„… under the supervision of the relevant ministers. The Minister of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy …”

VI. Liability under German law S. 398-403

„… concerns about foisting off individual economic consequences of climate change arbitrarily on individual …” „… damages, provided that the negative effects of an emission cannot be removed technically or economically …”

II. Jurisdictional issues S. 238-244

„… change involves a complex web of economic and physical factors, making it impossible to show how the …”

VII. Causation S. 439-445

„… are primarily driven by the size of population, economic activity, human’s daily routine, use of …” „… objection of authorisation compliant operation. Compliant operation was considered to be economically …”

III. The Paris Agreement in the courtroom S. 208-215

„… weighing competing interests, such as environmental protection and economic development. However, their …”

V. Applicable law S. 392-398

„… alternative link is intended to deter economic participants from directing emissions towards a neighbouring …”

III. Responsible party S. 496-502

„… the course of an economic activity, a business or an undertaking, irrespectively of its private or …”

IV. The legal problems of positive obligations S. 88-95

„… , economic and legal rights of indigenous people, The International Journal of Human Rights, Vol. 16 (2012 …”

II. The Paris Agreement and the legal nature of its provisions S. 200-208

„… , such as ocean acidification, desertification, and sea level rise as well as non-economic losses, such …”

II. Climate change litigation in public law S. 338-346

„… challenging the government’s decisions regarding the articulation of economic development with environmental …”

III. Formal role of NGO’s in climate litigation against the state S. 516-525

„… reduce their greenhouse gas emissions in economic sectors not covered by the EU emissions trading scheme …”

III. The law of delict S. 412-423

„… compensation under Section 823 (1) BGB. In particular, pure economic interests remain outside the scope of …”

V. Potential role for litigation in national courts S. 17-21

„… of 25 % and higher (as compared to the initial target of 20 %) would not be economically …” „… , Economica 1993, p. 22; Kloepfer, Umweltgerechtigkeit. Environmental Justice in der deutschen Rechtsordnung …”

III. Legal nature S. 48-51

„… , what one should advocate is not so much a key role for the PPP in the 23 Bugge, Law and Economics p. 58 …”

I. Introduction S. 199-200

„… Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, 2019 …”

IV. Litigation relating to the obligation of governments and public bodies to address climate change S. 262-269

„… Canada Jodoin/McGinn 263 mitigation measures that were not technically and economically feasible and by …”

V. Conclusion S. 269-271

„… litigation in Brazil Bibliography: Appelbaum, 2018 Nobel in Economics is Awarded to William Nordhaus and Paul …” „… /business/economicscience-nobel-prize.html (accessed on: 1/10/2019); Associated Press, Brazil Pledges to Cut Carbon Emissions 37 % by 2025 …”

I. Introduction S. 289-290

„… the Environment and the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy 2019; Vogler et al, Queensland …”

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Säulen der Kostenrechnung

2017 C.H.BECK, München

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11. Yuji Ijiri (1967): The Foundations of Accounting Measurement: A Mathematical, Economic, and Behavioral Inquiry S. 279-287

„… Measurement: A Mathematical, Economic, and Behavioral Inquiry Eingeleitet, kommentiert und aufbereitet von …” „… Measurement – A Mathematical, Economic, and Behavioral Inquiry (1967), Theory of Accounting Measurement (1975 …” „… ). Zusammenfassung des Beitrags „The Foundations of Accounting Measurement: A Mathematical, Economic, and …”

3. John Maurice Clark (1923): Studies in the Economics of Overhead Costs S. 87-112

„… whether the whole body of economic thought must become an ’economics of overhead costs‘ in the sense of …” „… value and efficiency it has grown to be a large and important section of economic principles. And now …” „… goods at the lowest total economic sacrifice, together with the question whether the market will take …”

15. Joel S. Demski / Gerald A. Feltham (1976): Cost Determination S. 335-351

„… für ihren Beitrag “Economic Incentives in Budgetary Control Systems” (The Accounting Review 1978 …” „… Regelfall fehlt. Literatur Arce, Daniel G.: [2007] Is Agency Theory Self-Activating. In: Economic Inquiry …” „… well within economic limits, he must expect a real reluctance to abandon a pattern of behavior that …”

14. Anthony G. Hopwood (1974): Accounting and Human Behaviour S. 327-334

„… well as technical and economic – which influence the accountant’s activities. It requires great social …” „… shaped 33514. Anthony G. Hopwood (1974) by the prevailing pressures in the wider social and economic …” „… Anthony George Hopwood (1944 bis 2010) absolvierte ein Bachelorstudium an der London School of Economics …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VII

„… : A Mathematical, Economic, and Behavioral Inquiry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280 12. Gert Laßmann (1968): Die …” „… Maurice Clark (1923): Studies in the Economics of Overhead Costs …”

10. Herbert Hax (1965): Kostenbewertung mit Hilfe der mathematischen Programmierung S. 260-278

„… Investment Incentives. A Theory Explaining the Use of Economic Value Added as a Performance Measure. In …” „… . Samuelson, and M. R. Solow, Linear Programming and Economic Analysis, New York – Toronto – London 1958, S …”

3. Wie setze ich meine Ressourcen ein? S. 22-29

„… . Literatur (ohne die bereits im Reader aufgenommenen Beiträge): Ehrbar, Al: [1999] EVA Economic Value Added …”

5. Ronald Harry Coase (1938): Business Organization and the Accountant S. 140-148

„… economic literature another concept is often employed, that of marginal cost, which may be defined as the …” „… “, der 1937 in Economica erschien, erklärt erstmals mit Hilfe von Transaktionskosten die Existenz von …” „… Journal of Law and Economics veröffentlichte Beitrag „The problem of social cost“ behandelt die …”

9. Charles T. Horngren (1962): Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis S. 243-259

„… . To continuously appraise economic and social forces, and government influences, and interpret their …” „… – engineering, economics, law, finance, statistics, and mathematics. Modern management, faced with a …”

18. Hasso Ziegler (1994): Neuorientierung des internen Rechnungswesens für das Unternehmens-Controlling im Hause Siemens S. 378-397

„… Cash-Value-Added- oder Economic-Value-Added-Konzepten) kommen, die zumindest indirekt auf die Daten externer …”

8. Wolfgang Kilger (1961): Flexible Plankostenrechnung und Deckungsbeitragsrechnung S. 224-242

„… primary emphasis Profit measurement Economic analysis Pricing The secondary emphases and optional aspects …”

6. Wie verrechne ich interne Leistungen? S. 41-46

„… H. und Peter Cheng: [1990] Intrafirm Resource Allocation: The Economics of Transfer Pricing and …” „… II Leitfragen der Kostenrechnung Hirshleifer, Jack: [1956] On the Economics of Transfer Pricing. In …”

2. Eugen Schmalenbach (1919): Selbstkostenrechnung S. 64-86

„… : Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft (35) 1965, S. 197 – 210. Hirshleifer, Jack: [1956] On the Economics of …”

6. Eugen Schmalenbach (1947): Pretiale Wirtschaftslenkung, Band 1 S. 149-170

„… , erfolgreich sein kann. Literatur Hirshleifer, Jack: [1956] On the Economics of Transfer Pricing. In: The …”

13. Hans Jürgen Drumm (1972): Theorie und Praxis der Lenkung durch Preise S. 313-326

„… Economics of Transfer Pricing. In: The Journal of Business (29) 2008, S. 172–184. Schmalenbach, Eugen …”

16. Robin Cooper / Robert S. Kaplan (1988): Measure Costs Right: Make the Right Decisions S. 352-366

„… Conventional economics and management accounting treat costs as variable only if they change with short-term …”

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Bosch

2015 C.H.BECK, München

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3 Corporate organization and corporate strategy between economic miracle and oil-price shock S. 311-350

„… 3 Corporate organization and corporate strategy between economic miracle and oil-price shock 3 …” „… the high yields of the “economic miracle” years, this was quite a new experience. Two things …” „… himself as a “political entrepreneur.” He both dictated the agenda in the fi eld of economic policy and …”

1 Radical change and continuity in the shadow of economic turbulence (1984–1993) S. 397-451

„… worldwide economic recovery, accompanied and encouraged by a sales boom in the automotive industry. At …” „… Bosch, this marked the start of a fresh phase of growth. But there were further economic and structural …” „… , forfeited much of its special status at this time, becoming increasingly mired in structural and economic …”

1 The Bosch Group in the economic upswing of National Socialism (1933–1939) S. 153-168

„… II Bosch in the Third Reich (1933–1945) 1 The Bosch Group in the economic upswing of National …” „… (1933–1945)1 The Bosch Group in the economic upswing of National Socialism Despite what the National Socialists …” „… 1933 that a change in the economic climate became unmistakable. Hitler gave himself four months …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… (1933–1945) (by Johannes Bähr) 1 Th e Bosch Group in the economic upswing of National Socialism (1933–1939 …” „… III Adaptation and change between economic boom and economic crises (1945–1983) (by Paul Erker) 1 …” „… economic miracle and oil-price shock . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Divisionalization, crisis …”

1 Reconstruction in the shadow of Allied decartelization policy and disagreements within the company S. 253-275

„… III Adaptation and change between economic boom and economic crises (1945–1983) III Between …” „… economic boom and economic crises (1945–1983) Th e period between the immediate postwar years and the early …” „… pivotal years between 1950 and 1982 (from the start of the “economic miracle” to the end of the second …”

4 Between Americanization and Japanization: manufacturing organization and work environment S. 351-374

„… detailed “economic-effi ciency indicators.” 7 By the late 1950s, it was clear that the system of …” „… environment 363 As the “economic-miracle years” continued, employers and employees increasingly found …” „… “economic-miracle years” was imminent. Th is in turn ramped up the tension in industrial relations at Bosch. In …”

5 The phase of “indiscriminate diversification”: strategic alliances and the move into new areas of business S. 375-392

„… on the automotive-supply business and to avoid the associated economic ups and downs of this …” „… transformed the economic landscape of German industry, from textiles to the automotive sector to consumer …” „… - III Between economic boom and economic crises (1945–1983)376 ments. Bosch owned shares in Daimler-Benz …”

2 From family-run business to foundation- owned company: the long march to a new Bosch constitution S. 276-310

„… trip.” Th e III Between economic boom and economic crises (1945–1983)278 founder’s descendant “had his …” „… cial at the executors’ meeting of December 15, 1954. III Between economic boom and economic crises …” „… Bosch Jr. (January 4, 1954) III Between economic boom and economic crises (1945–1983)282 the development …”

2 “Corporate community” versus “people's community”: Bosch, the NSDAP, and the National Socialist regime S. 169-182

„… chancellor’s economic adviser, Wilhelm Keppler, in February 1933 that he would be glad “to have a talk with …” „… Schacht, who was made national minister of economic aff airs at the end of July 1934. Bosch had known …” „… company headquarters on Militärstraße, the hope was that his economic expertise would prevail over the …”

6 Initial conclusions S. 393-396

„… eff orts to anticipate economic trends had brought some success in the years since 1965, although …” „… Schillerhöhe was there anyone capable of forecasting precisely how economic cycles would play out. Moreover …” „… . market, the expansion of original-equipment operations III Between economic boom and economic crises …”

4 Globalization, diversification, and focus on values (2003–2012) S. 511-560

„… the period 1994–2003, but then the company had benefi ted from the exceptional economic circumstances …” „… that board members identifi ed was how the focus of world economic growth was shift ing increasingly …” „… workforce through the crisis intact”: Bosch in the fi nancial and economic crisis of 2008–2009 Th e crisis …”

6 The Bosch circle and resistance to Hitler S. 236-244

„… “Bosch circle.” Albrecht Fischer, taken on as economic-policy adviser in 1934, played a particularly …” „… of economic aff airs without telling him fi rst. When Walz found out, he had his name removed from …” „… him as Württemberg’s minister of economic aff airs). With Fischer and Hahn, Schloßstein was taken to …”

Introduction S. 11-16

„… marked by processes of adaptation and transformation in an economic environment that swung repeatedly …” „… number of economic crises, looking at the Great Depression of the 1930s and the slumps of the 1970s, 1990 …” „… – remaining as far as possible ahead of the processes of economic and technological change? Th anks are due in …”

Sources and bibliography S. 674-692

„… Nachrichten Scandinavian Economic History Review Der Spiegel Spiegel online Wirtschaft Süddeutsche Zeitung …” „… and I. G. Farben. A short history of cloaking,” in Scandinavian Economic History Review 33, 1985 …” „… survey of American economic infl uence in Europe since the 1880s, Dordrecht, 2005. Schumpeter, Joseph A …”

Notes S. 561-661

„… , Berlin, 1920. 25 Lessing, Bosch, p. 132. 26 Cf. Joseph A. Schumpeter, Th e theory of economic …” „… to World Economic Crisis 1914–1933,” in Lothar Gall, Gerald D. Feldman, Harold James, Carl-Ludwig …” „… , Feststellungen und Anordnungen,” p. 21 f., RB 1 011 135. II 1 Th e Bosch Group in the economic upswing of …”

5 The 1926 crisis, and diversification in the Great Depression S. 114-152

„… full-scale economic-policy program. Draft ing policy statements of this kind was not exactly something which …” „… ” [Zwischenkrise] of 1925–26, as economic historians now call it,19 was triggered by a slump that was confi ned to …” „… stock-exchange crash on Wall Street in the autumn of 1929 ushered in the Great Depression, an economic crisis …”

1 Robert Bosch – portrait of a founder S. 17-32

„… here Robert Bosch showed his good head for business. Th e economic historian Toni Pierenkemper points …” „… entrepreneur, to say nothing of full-scale nationalization of industry. In matters of economic policy, he was …”

List of abbreviations S. 666-672

„… (European Economic Community) FAW First Automotive Works FEA Société Financière d’Equipment Automobile …”

7 Death and legacy of Robert Bosch S. 245-252

„… for Robert Bosch took place. Th e national government was represented by the Minister for Economic …”

3 From restructuring to change: the process of renewal in the 1990s (1993–2003) S. 469-510

„… favorable market situation in the late 1980s and by the special economic circumstances of German reunifi …” „… were concerned. Instead, they were mainly due to economic recovery having set in sooner than expected …” „… of the global economic situation, despite actual events. From the autumn of 2000, therefore, the …”

4 Involvement in rearmament and arms production in the Second World War S. 193-217

„… “Montan-Schema” the government removed all economic risk from the company’s shoulders. It could then ask it to …” „… Funk, Germany’s Minister of Economic Aff airs, to the projected transaction.78 As early as December 5 …”

2 The difficult early years S. 33-41

„… this light, the economic troubles of the company’s fi rst decade of operation stemmed ultimately from …”

3 The period of rapid growth S. 42-78

„… economic crisis than Germany, Bosch felt the drawbacks of its heavy export bias. Th at said, the crisis of …” „… Bosch took advantage of an economic downturn to lay off workers 3 Th e period of rapid growth 71 and …”

4 The First World War and its aftermath S. 79-113

„… it had left off . Circumstances were anything but favorable. Th e liberal world economic order of …” „… economic measure in the company’s interest, with the aim of preserving and increasing the good will of our …”

5 Beyond the bounds of the "Bosch community": forced labor S. 218-235

„… German Ministry of Economic Aff airs had itself made such a collection.70 Th e reports from Bosch …”

3 Bosch and the Jews S. 183-192

„… , Walz protested to Hitler’s economics adviser, Wilhelm Keppler, about anti- Jewish persecution.2 Robert …”

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International Arbitration 10x10

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Series: Beck International

Volume 2022 C.H.BECK, München

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3. Mediation is a well-established method for solving economic disputes S. 14-16

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Beiersdorf

2018 C.H.BECK, München

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Chapter 5 1945 to 1969: Products for everyone. Reconstruction, economic miracle, and a fresh start abroad S. 140-196

„… Products for everyone. Reconstruction, economic miracle, and a fresh start abroadAs soon as they …” „… Products for everyone.Reconstruction, economic miracle, and a fresh start abroad140|141Chapter 5 1945 to …” „… con-Products for everyone. Reconstruction, economic miracle, and a fresh start abroadstantly being modernized …”

Introduction S. 6-15

„… producing well-known brands – a story closely connected to the economic and social changes that took place …” „… answer. Beiersdorf was active in four separate business sections with different economic cycles …” „… other and gave the company stability. They helped the company survive economic crises and structural …”

„… Reckendrees tells the fascinating story based on comprehensive archive material. He describes the economic …” „… of the economic opportunities it offered. After the Second World War, the Company lost its …”

Chapter 4 1933 to 1945: Boycott, commercial success, and war economy S. 97-139

„… . Strauss) would lead to the Jews being pushed out of German economic life. Hitler’s “Mein Kampf,” wrote …” „… economic and scientific organiza-tions and wrote afterwards: “Many acquaintances gave me a wide berth to …” „… after the end of the economic crisis in Germany. By 1939, domestic sales had doubled to over 25 million …”

Chapter 3 1918 to 1933: Reorganization and a fresh start. Trademark conflicts, new products, and new emergencies S. 60-96

„… economic and political situation was chaotic. Political order broke down at the end of the Great War. The …” „… restrictions and by nationalistic economic policies. Beiersdorf was not able to continue with its successful …” „… , despite the economic crisis, Beiersdorf was doing very well when, in April 1933, the new nationalistic and …”

Chapter 6 1969 to 1989: Strategic divisionalization. cosmed, pharma, medical, and tesa S. 197-267

„… adapt to rapidly changing economic conditions at home and abroad. In Germany, this included competition …” „… board managed to develop the company into a group with global operations in an economic environment that …” „… advertising and to offer discounts to support sales. Above all, though, the economic crisis was having an …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-5

„… 140 Chapter5 1945to1969Products for everyone. Reconstruction, economic miracle, and a fresh start …”

Appendix S. 340-399

„… Entnazifizierung 1945–50. Listen von Parteigenossen. On denazification: Hamburg State Administration, Economic …” „… Administration, Economic Branch, Subject Area “De” to P. Beiersdorf & Co. A G, 4.5.1946, BA 132 Entnazifizierung …” „… (Wengel, 16.5.1942), BA 391 Pebeco A G Posen 1942.147 Beiersdorf to Hamburg State Administration, Economic …”

Afterword for academic readers S. 325-339

„… company’s story was shaped by constantly evolving economic, political, and cultural factors, by the …” „… hand-book knowledge or general historical or economic history data. Interview cita-tions are taken from the …”

Chapter 2 1890 to 1918: Leukoplast, Pebeco & Nivea. Branded products for the whole world S. 29-59

„… worsened from the fall of 1916 onwards, as wartime eco-nomic controls intensified. Beiersdorf’s sales …” „… – were all lucrative over the long term. Troplowitz understood the far-reaching social and economic …” „… changes taking place at the beginning of the twentieth century, when economic growth went hand in hand …”

Chapter 7 1989 to 2003: Focusing on skin – worldwide S. 268-324

„… manager, Heinrich Lührs (1928–1997), wanted to exploit the political and economic ‘thaw’ immediately. He …” „… economic development of the new federal states was a concern that went beyond its own self-interest in …” „… was flagging. In addition, the overall economic situation in Germany was poor. The executive board …”

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