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German Profit Taxes

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2020 uvk, Konstanz/München

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„… the other partner’s income. According to Sec. 32a (5) EStG, in the case of joint assessment the …” „… taking into account the taxpayer’s personal circumstances in the calculation of the income (e.g. the …” „… business expense when calculating profits (cf. Sec. 4 (5b) EStG). Table 1: Differentiation of the profit …”

6 Final comprehensive case S. 293-304

„… % Sec. 10 (3) sent. 4 and 6 EStG 7. Less tax-exempt employer’s contribution Sec. 10 (3) sent. 5 EStG …” „… set aside for corporate income tax for the Edwin-GmbH. b) Calculate Edwin’s personal income tax …” „… expense. However, it does not reduce the corporate income tax base. 5. Also in the case of the provision …”

3 Corporate income tax S. 209-254

„… the corporate income tax paid on these) that flow to the shareholder are subject to the shareholder’s …” „… capital company’s profit is always taxed at the respective individual tax rate. However, if the …” „… by the legislator. In addition, a solidarity surcharge of 5.5 % is levied on the assessed corporate …”

1 Introduction to German profit tax law S. 13-26

„… every citizen’s financial endeavors. The liability to pay taxes accompanies every citizen from the …” „… acquired by the public sector’s participation in the market, e.g. by way of private businesses with …” „… systemizing the (individual) taxes. Figure 5: Approaches of systematization • Direct and indirect taxes The …”

4 Trade tax S. 255-284

„… 5 GG. Note Characteristics of trade tax: • Real / object tax • Profit tax • Municipal tax …” „… corporations, associations of persons and property masses. This rule corresponds to Sec. 5 KStG. A charitable …” „… trade tax as a real tax by the tax debt. The obligor of the trade tax is the business person (Sec. 5 (1 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… Dischingerweg 5 · 72070 Tübingen Einbandgestaltung: Atelier Reichert, Stuttgart Cover-Illustration: © iStock …” „… taxes are actually assessed. Chapter 5 is devoted to the approaches of the legislator for the …” „… least also tax advisers are addressed here. We would like to thank especially Christoph Freichel’s …”

doi.org/10.24053/9783739880242

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ESG and Real Estate

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2022 Haufe Lexware, Freiburg

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Part III ESG and real estate management S. 357-508

„… to 1.5 degrees Celsius will already be exceeded in the early 2030s. Cf. IPCC (2021), p. 4-4.10 Engel …” „… conditions.12.5 Closing words – or because it’s just the right thing to do37712.4.5 Transparency as the …” „… machine learning are superior to traditional models.3012.5 Closing words – or because it’s just the right …”

Part IV ESG in urban and project development S. 509-570

„… current overview on KFW’s current homepage.In the area of new construction, up to 22.5 per cent redemption …” „… . 20.5: Individual measures Source: Self-generated excerpt from current overview on KFW’s current …” „… architect’s/ engi-neer’s contract, §§ 650p et. seq. BGB5; HOAI6General planner, if applicablePlanning and …”

Part I ESG and the real estate market S. 23-236

„… level27no contradiction between environmental pollution and development, and5 that envi-ronmental …” „… Nations Environmental Pro-gramme (UNEP), based in Nairobi, Kenya, to implement it.6In the 1980s, the …” „… Convention on Climate Change, Dec. 12, 2015, T.I. A.S. No. 16-1104.21 United Nations, Department of Economic …”

Part II ESG and regulatory environment S. 237-356

„… of emissions neutrality of 1.5°C. They take the starting position of one’s own company or portfolio …” „… and Friederike Schwarz6.1 Trend topic climate in the real estate industry: What’s behind it?Climate …” „… estate industry6.1 Trend topic climate in the real estate industry: What’s behind it?6 Impact of climate …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37712.5 Closing words – or because it’s just the right thing to do …” „… ) and analysis using databases, are reserved.5ContentsForeword …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1583.2.5 National strategies for sustainable finance …”

Foreword by the editors S. 17-22

„… 67E785651862457D99511147C7424FF5EA0C1A, accessed 22.08.2021.7 United Nations, Secretary General’s …” „… at a rap-id pace, especially since the 1980s. The increase in core problems such as climate change …” „… (target: 1.5°C).41 Cf. on the core problems of global change also the annual reports of the German …”

doi.org/10.34157/9783648163504

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EU eIDAS Regulation

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Reihe: Beck International

Band 2020 C.H.BECK, München

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Section 2. Supervision S. 175-197

„… Infrastructure or PKI which allows for a secure and independent verification of the signatory’s identity.5 The …” „… subsidiarity ex Art. 5 of TEU in full compliance with the provisions under Recitals 37 and 76 of Regulation no …” „… proportionality mentioned in Art. 5 TEU.10 18Therefore, even from this point of view, the mandatory scope of the …”

Article 5. Data processing and protection S. 70-80

„… freedom to provide services34. Article 5 Data processing and protection 1. Processing of personal data …” „… . 121–129; Finocchiaro, The European EIDAS Regulation, 1 Dir. merc. tecn. 5 (2016); Id., Una prima lettura …” „… : ECLI:EU:C:1997:344. Chapter I. General provisionsArt. 5 70 Venturelli Reemers Publishing Services GmbH …”

PART 1. INTRODUCTION S. 1-28

„… ................................................................. 5 1. Digital Single market …” „… ......................................................................................... 5 2. Data Protection …” „… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm 5In order to overcome the lack of trust, thereby increasing the …”

Article 48. Committee procedure S. 357-369

„… legislative power. The legislature places it at the Commission`s discretion to lay down the criteria …” „… Regulation (EU) No 182/2011. 2. Where reference is made to this paragraph, Article 5 of Regulation (EU) No …” „… intertwined at the root of the delegation of powers.5 Therefore, the distinction of both forms of legislation …”

Article 10. Security Breach S. 110-120

„… . 326 with further references. 37 Cp. with the Commission’s assessment in Article 5(2) Commission …” „… .................................................................................. 19 5. Reactivation or re-establishment …” „… projects STORK and its successor STORK 2.0.5 3 Therefor it is essential to facilitate the use of …”

Section 3. Qualified trust services S. 198-212

„… 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm 37 As stated for the TSPs, the supervisory body’s …” „… ENISA’s publication of December 201668 suggests an approach based on the classification of incidents in …” „… be considered of a significant impact and are consequently reportable. 38 Additionally, the ENISA’s …”

Article 47. Exercise of the delegation S. 345-356

„… shall notify it simultaneously to the European Parliament and to the Council. 5. A delegated act adopted …” „… ................................................................................................ .................... 5 III. Details …” „… , specialization, time and expertise can be used more effectively and legislation will be made capacity sparing.5 A …”

Section 5. Electronic seals S. 276-315

„… of a qualified certifier, with that of qualified trust service provider).5 Section 5 Electronic seals …” „… States. 5 Cf. Finocchiaro, Una prima lettura del Reg. UE n. 910/2014 (c.d. eIDAS): identificazione on …” „… Busnelli, Giuffrè, 2014; De Miguel Asensio, Derecho Privado de Internet, Civitas, Editorial Aranzadi, S …”

Section 1. General provisions S. 134-174

„… rules on liability. Bibliography: Bianca, Diritto civile, 5, La responsabilità, Giuffrè 2012; Buffa …” „… service providers. 5With regard to non-qualified trust service providers, the natural or legal person …” „… ), and not also to the 1 Gobert, Le règlement européen, p. 51. Liability and burden of proof 1–5 Art. 13 …”

Section 6. Electronic time stamps S. 316-323

„… im Zivilprozess, JuS 2016, 29; Zagami, Il fattore tempo: la marcatura temporale, in Firme …” „… explicit probative relevance of the electronic time stamps.4 5 With regard to an IT proceeding which binds …” „… ) digitally signing the new file obtained which is made up of HASH and time stamp.5 6 In practice, since it is …”

Section 4. Electronic signatures S. 213-275

„… Regulation (as previous Directive 1999/93/EC) drew inspiration from UNCITRAL’s work on electronic signatures5 …” „… reverted. 4. Implementing Acts (Paragraph 5) 39In order to ensure uniform conditions for the implementation …” „… 182/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council.24 According to paragraph 5 the Commission may …”

Article 46. Legal effects of electronic documents S. 337-344

„… elektronische Dokument im Zivilprozess, JuS 2016, 29; Wendtland, in: Bamberger/Roth/Hau/Poseck (eds), BGB …” „… ................................................................................... 2 2. Concept of an electronic document and scope of the provision............. 5 III. The legal …” „… ................................................................................................ .................... 20 5. The probative effect of an electronic document in the German legal system …”

Article 3. Definitions S. 48-62

„… are issued to natural or legal persons, or natural persons representing legal persons; 5 …” „… form to ensure the latter’s origin and integrity; 26) advanced electronic seal means an electronic seal …” „… ) Personal identity in the European legal systems................................... 5 c) The right to be …”

Article 9. Notification S. 106-109

„… date of receipt of the Member State’s request. 5. The Commission may, by means of implementing acts …” „… ); Finocchiaro, The European eIDAS Regulation, 1 DIMT Diritto Mercato Tecnologia 5 (2016); Leone, EU Regulation …” „… ................................................................................................ ............. 1 II. The pre-notification and the peer-review process........................................... 5 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… / G am bi no EU eI D A S Re gu la tio n Zaccaria_978-3-406-74297-2_Dummy.indd 1-5 18.11.2019 …” „… Leinen mit Prägung, 160x240mm, P. 202, P. 533, P. 8643 Za cc ar ia / S ch m id t- K es se l Sc hu lz e …” „… : www.hartpub.co.uk and Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG Waldseestraße 3–5, 76530 Baden-Baden, Germany, email …”

Article 8. Assurance levels of electronic identification schemes S. 96-105

„… private sector in the provision of those public services3. 5The eID is defined as the process of using …” „… person, or the origin and integrity of data in electronic form to be confirmed (art. 3.5 eIDAS)5 and also …” „… Finocchiaro, art. 3, mn. 9. 5 See the related comment of Finocchiaro, art. 3, mn. 12. 6 Cf …”

Article 1. Subject matter S. 40-45

„… . mercato tecnologia 2016, 5; Gobert, Le règlement européen du 23 juillet 2014 sur l’identification …” „… . The European legislator’s choice in favour of a Regulation..................... 3 3. Purpose and …” „… objectives of the eIDAS Regulation ....................................... 5 III. Subject matter of the eIDAS …”

Article 52. Entry into force S. 374-376

„… service provider from 2 July 2017. 5 From the wording of art. 51, it emerges that the main objective …” „… . 2. This Regulation shall apply from 1 July 2016, except for the following: (a) Articles 8(3), 9(5 …” „… ), 12(2) to (9), 17(8), 19(4), 20(4), 21(4), 22(5), 23(3), 24(5), 27(4) and (5), 28(6), 29(2), 30(3) and …”

Article 12. Cooperation and interoperability S. 126-133

„… other’s electronic identification schemes7. 5 Member States are free and not obliged to notify some or …” „… ; and (g) common operational security standards. 5. Member States shall cooperate with regard to the …” „… paragraphs 5 and 6 with a view to fostering a high level of trust and security appropriate to the degree of …”

Article 7. Eligibility for notification of electronic identification schemes S. 93-95

„… State provides the other Member States for the purposes of the obligation under Article 12(5) a …” „… firme elettroniche nel diritto vigente (osservazioni sulla normativa italiana nel 2006), 4–5. Diritto …” „… Diritto Mercato Tecnologia 5 (2016); Leone, EU Regulation no. 910/ 2014 on Electronic Identification and …”

Article 4. Internal market principle S. 63-69

„… Italy’s first legislation on electronic document goes back to 1997. The theory of a document and the …” „… . tecn. 2016, 5; Grundmann, Das Internationale Privatrecht der E-Commerce-Richtlinie – was ist kategorial …” „… omitting any reference to 1 Finocchiaro, Dir. merc. tecn. 2016, 5 (7). 2 On the parameters to be used to …”

Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council – Recitals S. 29-39

„… the benefits of a digital single market and cross-border digital services. (5) In its conclusions of 4 …” „… Council5 requires Member States to establish ‘points of single contact’ (PSCs) to ensure that all …” „… should be respected by trust service providers and supervisory bodies. 4 OJ C 50 E, 21.2.2012, p. 1. 5 …”

Section 8. Website authentication S. 334-336

„… , such service protects transmitted data against the risk of […] unauthorised alterations.12 5 …” „… . Annex IV and list of requirements ................................................................ 5 3 …” „… of requirements 5 The list of requirements found in Annex IV of the Regulation gives a clear …”

Section 7. Electronic registered delivery services S. 324-333

„… registered delivery service and qualified electronic registered delivery service. 5 The electronic registered …” „… request, with proof of the handing in of the postal item and/or of its delivery to the addressee.5 7 …” „… 3 Finocchiaro, Nuove leggi civ. comm., 2015, p. 427. 4 Ricci, Commento all’art. 43, p. 327. 5 …”

doi.org/10.17104/9783406759017

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Digital Revolution - New Challenges for Law

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Reihe: Beck International

Band 2020 C.H.BECK, München

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E. Towards Fairness and Transparency in the Platform Economy? A First Look at the P2B Regulation (Busch) S. 57-74

„… circumstances” that led to the platform operator’s decision (Article 4(5) P2B Regulation). 34One might ask why …” „… platform operator’s interest in the protection of its trade secrets. Article 5(1) P2B Regulation therefore …” „… the name of the Regulation. While the Commission’s proposal referred to a regulation “promoting …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVIII

„… _df.indd 1-5 13.08.2019 08:34:34 Reemers Publishing Services GmbH o:/Beck/De_Franceschi/3d/00_Titelei.3 …” „… , eMail: bestellung@beck.de and Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG Waldseestraße 3–5, 76530 …” „… are of fundamental importance to the ELI’s success, being the breeding ground for fresh ideas and new …”

O. Autonomous Vehicles’ Liability: Need for Change? (Patti) S. 190-213

„… manufacturers that will be established on a federal level and the debate often concerns product liability.5 Also …” „… error. 94 % according to the Commission’s report on ‘Saving Lives: Boosting Car Safety in the EU’, COM …” „… . 4 Lutz, NJW 2015, 119 (120 f.). 5 Cf. Geistfeld, 105 Calif. L. Rev. 2017, 1611. 190 Patti Reemers …”

Q. A system of governance for Artificial Intelligence through the lens of emerging intersections between AI and EU law (Mazzini) S. 245-298

„… subject of the Commission’s work, primarily through the financing of research projects, and had already …” „… gathered the attention by other EU institutional actors,3 the Commission’s strategy document marks a …” „… knowledge, or processing the information, derived from this data and deciding the best action(s) to take to …”

I. Digital inheritance as a legal issue S. 88-98

„… economies4. Consequently, the decedent’s estate is constituted to an increasing extent by intellectual …” „… property rights, data of personal and nonpersonal nature, and other forms of virtual possessions5. 4 Second …” „… the afterlife6. 5 Third, such information are usually stored and processed by professional …”

P. Protecting the Values of Consumer Law in the Digital Economy: The case of 3D-printing (Howells/Twigg-Flesner/Willett) S. 214-244

„… ), Online Reviews and Endorsements – Report on the CMA’s Call for Information, CMA41 (June 2015). Part 5 …” „… safety problem and the impact this has on a consumer’s ability to discharge the burden of proof, increase …” „… (e.g. internet platforms) who would not be responsible under traditional legal regimes. 5 This analysis …”

N. Risk Allocation and Liability Regimes in the IoT (Mezzanotte) S. 169-189

„… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm PART 5 LIABILITY FOR DIGITAL PRODUCTS N. Risk Allocation and …” „… liability rules currently available at the European or national level.5 3On these premises, the Staff …” „… Commission, Artificial Intelligence for Europe, COM (2018) 237 final. 5 Millard/Kuan Hon/Singh, IEEE 2017 …”

A. Digital Revolution – New Challenges for Law: Introduction (De Franceschi/Schulze) S. 1-15

„… individual’s personal data7. 5 Cf, in particular, European Commission, A Digital Single Market Strategy for …” „… Law SIG’s first work programme. 2The thoughts and proposals made by the Digital Law SIG have since …” „… instruments for the “Digital Single Market”.5 5 It is against this background that the following contributions …”

T. The Payment with Bitcoins and other Virtual Currencies – Risks, liabilities and regulatory responses (Barrière) S. 327-340

„… role to new blockchain-based environment3. 2. Money 5Money is traditionally presented as performing …” „… ?, (2016) JIBLR 31(5), 243. 3 A. Burnie, A. Henderson, and J. Burnie, Putting Names to Things: Reconciling …” „… popularity, the issue of how to regulate them has developed, in light of the risks that they carry5. Virtual …”

U. Digital Revolution – New Challenges for Law: Final remarks (van Erp) S. 341-344

„… information: the airport’s computer systems), after which you are automatically reimbursed on the bank account …” „… of a country and a country’s real economy does not necessarily indicate the role of that country in …” „… totalement les blockchains et à agir en faveur de leur usage sur le territoire, Monaco pourrait s …”

K. Information “Truth” and Digital Solidarity (Sica/Giannone Codiglione) S. 116-139

„… , must be attributed as follows: S. Sica, paragraphs 1–4, G. Giannone Codiglione paragraphs 5–8. 1 For an …” „… ”, as stated, for example, by the American Supreme Court in Reno v. Aclu5. 5By the mid 1980’s, scholars …” „… . 5 Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, 521 U.S. 844 (1997). On the decision of the Federal Court …”

G. The Data Protection Officer (“DPO”) (Fauvarque-Cosson) S. 84-87

„… of criminal penalties (in force since 5 May 2016 and to be transposed by the states in their national …” „… monitoring of a behavior that “takes place within the Union”5. 1 The author wishes to thank Ms Frédérique …” „… Regulation). 3 GDPR, recital 14. 4 GDPR, article 3.1. 5 GDPR, article 3.2. 84 Fauvarque-Cosson Reemers …”

M. The Right to Compensation for Breach of Data Protection Provisions in the EU Context (Riente) S. 152-168

„… had given businesses an increasingly worldwide dimension. 5 Cross border data processing and …” „… , assuring individuals of judicial protection with the inviolable right to an effective judicial remedy5. 2 …” „… https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1314&context=law_ journal_law_policy (access on 10th October 2018). 5 See Article 47 of …”

D. The ALI-ELI Principles for a Data Economy (Wendehorst) S. 42-56

„… Institute (ELI)2, initiated at some point in 2017 and officially started in 2018.3 Both in the U.S. and in …” „… existing law (such as the Uniform Commercial Code in the U.S., the CISG, or EU Regulations and Directives …” „… wish to make use of the Principles and draw inspiration from them. 3. Addressees 5By their very nature …”

C. Legal Challenges of the Changing Role of Personal and Non-Personal Data in the Data Economy (Drexl) S. 19-41

„… debate explicitly to non-personal, machine-generated data.5 The Commission advocated this limitation also …” „… as regards the potential introduction of a data producer’s right,6 although the Commission …” „… this economic reality has to be taken into account.7 The reason for the Commission’s caution is the …”

J. Individual Human Autonomy: The Rule of Law v. the Rules of Smart Technologies and their Inherent Manipulations (Graf von Westphalen) S. 99-115

„… the client of the Internet companies, you are their product”.5 Needless to say that such conclusion …” „… Lanier, supra (fn. 3), cover. 5 Lanier, supra (fn. 3), cover (front page). Graf von Westphalen 99 Reemers …” „… vested with untouchable dignity as a human being. But apparently, Lanier’s analysis did not produce any …”

L. Certification mechanisms and liability rules under the GDPR. When the harmonisation becomes unification (Riccio/Pezza) S. 140-151

„… , together with the underlying policy. 5First of all, and quite interestingly, certifications are voluntary4 …” „… allow treaty parties to resolve ambiguities in a binding text or fill the gaps”5. Secondly …” „… . According to Art. 42(5) GDPR, “a certification pursuant to this Article shall be issued by the certification …”

H. Digital Inheritance (Resta) S. 88

S. Legal Boundaries of Blockchain Technologies: Smart Contracts as Self-Help? (Möslein) S. 313-326

„… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm irreversible.5 When coining this term in the 1990s, Nick Szabo …” „… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm S. Legal Boundaries of Blockchain Technologies: Smart Contracts as …” „… Journal, 2018, 665. S. Legal Boundaries of Blockchain Technologies: Smart Contracts as Self-Help? Möslein …”

R. Smart Contracts: Do we need New Legal Rules? (Weber) S. 299-312

„… that is able to efficiently record transactions in a very viable and permanent way.5 The technology is …” „… require the collusion of the peer-to-peer network community.6 5The blockchain technology was supposedly …” „… , 31/32; Michèle Finck, Blockchains: Regulating the Unknown, 19 German Law Journal 2018, 665, 670. 5 For …”

F. Consent for the Processing of Personal Data and its Relationship to Contract (Schmidt-Kessel) S. 75-83

„… serves for several functions: Consent authorises the controller’s processing, article 6(1)(a) 1 This …” „… Internal Market and beyond. 1. General prerequisites 5 Consent under the GDPR presupposes in the first line …” „… for the functioning of the contract.5 11In any event such a core nature of a consent for the …”

B. Personal autonomy and the digital revolution (Graziadei) S. 16-18

„… philosophers and jurists alike was: something that does not have intentions or will of its own. 5 How do we …” „… shall it be the factor that will finally bury it? There is no obvious answer to this question. It’s not …”

doi.org/10.17104/9783406759048

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Sir William Siemens

2020 C.H.BECK, München

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Bibliography S. 248-257

„… (Einzelvorstellungen aus der Elektrotechnik 5). Berlin 1941. Mathieu, H.: Ueber E. Martin’s Verfahren zur …” „… Institution of Civil Engineers 5 (1846) – 77 (1884) Notices of the Proceedings at the Meetings of the Members …” „… Mechanic’s Journal 4 (1851/52) – 8 (1855/56); Second Series 1 (1856/57) – 9 (1864/65); Third Series 1 …”

Note S. 205-239

„… . 114. 5 See below, p. 195 ff. 6 See below, pp. 199–201. 7 Pole, Life, p. VIII. 8 Bähr, Werner von …” „… , 1838 – Christian Ferdinand to Wilhelm Siemens. 5 After Pole, Life, p. 346. 6 Cf. Siemens, Werner …” „… Telegraph Engineers 4 (1875), pp. 189–191. 5 SAA A1324, March 21, 1843 – Beach & Minte to Wilhelm Siemens …”

The regenerative principle S. 131-141

„… 131Clusters of Technical Innovation Chapter 5 Clusters of Technical Innovation On his first trip to …” „… the 1850s did he achieve a satisfactory living, primarily with water meters and regenerative furnaces …” „… . From the 1860s onward, business flourished, involving such operations as laying submarine cables, and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-II

„… Amann, Memmingen ISBN Print 978-3-406-75145-5 ISBN eBook (epub) 978-3-406-75146-2 ISBN eBook (PDF …” „… Introduction Chapter 1 15 Background, Youth, and Education The Siemens family and Werner’s influence 15 – The …” „… mechanical engineer 20 Chapter 2 23 Off to England An inventor’s precarious existence 25 – Emigration …”

Journals S. 247-248

„… . Elektrotechnische Zeitschrift 1 (1880) – 5 (1884) The Engineer 1 (1856) – 57 (1884) Engineering. An Illustrated …” „… the Institution of Civil Engineers 5 (1846) – 77 (1884) Notices of the Proceedings at the Meetings of …” „… Practical Mechanic’s Journal 4 (1851/52) – 8 (1855/56); Second Series 1 (1856/57) – 9 (1864/65); Third …”

Wilhelm Siemens: List of Writings S. 239-247

„… includes William’s published books, essays, and articles in chronological order. It does not include …” „… . 3–5. Condenser for Land and Other Steam Engines. Minutes of Committee of Mechanics of the Society of …” „… Telegraphic Apparatus. In: The Practical Mechanic’s Journal Scientific Record of the International Exhibition …”

Chapter 6 Scientific Studies of the Sun S. 169-173

„… 169Scientific Studies of the Sun Chapter 6 Scientific Studies of the Sun William’s involvement with …” „… energy issues led him to consider the sun, the ultimate source of all of Earth’s energy reserves.1 In …” „… those days, the sun’s energy balance was a major topic of study for the learned world. Early in the …”

The entrepreneur S. 191-195

„… entrepreneur William’s commercial enterprises were closely connected with his technical innovations. That could …” „… find two buyers for Werner’s electroplating process. In later times as well, acquiring investors seems …” „… do with banks and capital investors. William’s involvement in technical and scientific associations …”

The Siemens companies S. 47-51

„… . William’s tasks included procuring materials for the company’s plants on the Continent. But most …” „… take off. The first rather large orders did not come in until the mid-1850s, including from rail …” „… . S. Newall & Co.27 The brothers had already given thought at an early date to building their own …”

The mechanical engineer S. 20-23

„… technology and science. The polytechnic schools founded in the early 19th century – forerunners of today’s …” „… into government service than into industry. The next step on Wilhelm’s path to becoming an engineer was …” „… of knowledge transfer that was customary at the time: Wilhelm taught theory to the chief engineer’s …”

The Siemens family and Werner’s influence S. 15-20

„… 15The Siemens family and Werner’s influence Chapter 1 Background, Youth, and Education The Siemens …” „… family and Werner’s influence Wilhelm Siemens was born on April 4, 1823, the seventh child of Christian …” „… year of Wilhelm’s birth, 1823, was an especially turbulent one for the family. The Napoleonic Wars and …”

Family and lifestyle S. 79-84

„… William’s integration into England that he became quite accomplished in the language. From 1851 onward, he …” „… Vienna World’s Fair that since not all participants could understand each other’s language, he had …” „… interpreted among four languages.5 These were probably English, German, French, and Italian. He expressed …”

Science, religion, and society S. 125-131

„… intimated that the X Club had an overbearing influence on Great Britain’s scientific life – a myth that was …” „… Society; three served at times as the Society’s president, and five were presidents of the British …” „… . The point of crystallization for the X Club was Darwin’s theory of evolution. The year after “The …”

Werner and William S. 173-178

„… , which would soon be operating globally, for almost half a century. The company’s history resulted at …” „… makes William’s particular character clearer. Friedrich Siemens did not work at the same level of …” „… father’s death in Left: Seven Siemens siblings: Werner and William (standing at the back), Hans, Sophie …”

Introduction S. 7-15

„… clearly defined the triumvirate’s tone. But his brothers Carl and William both played significant roles …” „… globalization were designed and produced. Werner’s younger brother Wilhelm was raised in Germany, but chose …” „… English contemporaries.5 It is probably no mistake to treat this discrepancy as the product of differing …”

Chapter 8 Legacy S. 195-203

„… William’s technical and scientific work, and mentioned the 25 years of friendship between them.5 The …” „… defect. William’s death provoked widespread remembrance. The widowed Anne received a great many letters …” „… Engineers stood out for its unusual length. It emphasized William’s versatility and “his amazing skill in …”

An inventor’s precarious existence S. 23-30

„… was intended to help market the technique, but it also fulfilled Wilhelm’s “yearning desire to see …” „… , in which he applied a new kind of power source.4 Wilhelm’s master stroke was to sell the technique …” „… Birmingham-based electroplating market leader.5 While it is true that the two businessmen were not entirely …”

Werner’s communicator S. 39-47

„… 39Werner’s communicator Chapter 3 The Siemens Business in England Werner’s communicator Young …” „… William made his first two trips to England, in 1843 and 1844, as Werner’s representative. The …” „… on Werner’s work. On the other hand, the steam engine governor and anastatic printing process that …”

Energy and the environment S. 141-151

„… glass furnaces at German works, one-third were regenerative by 1879. From the mid-1860s onward …” „… using Niagara Falls for energy, via a long-distance transmission of electric power. In the 1860s and …” „… 1870s, the question of a coal shortage became a major topic in Britain. The government appointed a …”

The engineer and scientist S. 182-191

„… volunteer offices. Recognition from his professional colleagues motivated him, and especially in the 1850s …” „… William’s guiding principle – regardless of the commercial opportunities it brought. This was evident in …” „… result of this and other initiatives. As time went on, William’s innovation work changed focus. Analyzing …”

Iron and steel S. 157-169

„… electricity. Of course he was aware of his brother Werner’s work – the electric mining train presented at the …” „… provided by a thermal power plant. But William’s plan was to switch over the source of electricity to …” „… the 1850s, but without much success. Around 1880 he took note of such work again, but did not become …”

Technical and scientific associations S. 84-103

„… 84 A Citizen of the World in Germany and England Löffl ers, and William’s friends and colleagues …” „… entries praising the Siemens family’s hospitality and the beauties of Sherwood. One guest wrote in a …” „… targeted a broader audience. (5) “Clubs” were primarily social organizations. Members came from very …”

Globalization via telegraph cable S. 55-79

„… understand each other’s language, he had interpreted among four languages.5 These were probably English …” „… William’s achievements, and without jealousy: “Wilhelm, on the other hand, with his already established …” „… too great for us.” And: “Thus far, Wilhelm’s great personal credit has partially covered our shortage …”

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Marketing ZFP

Alle Ausgaben: Marketing ZFP

MAR Jahrgang 31 (2009) Heft JRM 1 ISSN Online: 0344-1369 C.H.BECK, München

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Karen Gedenk, Henrik Sattler Range Effects in Measuring Attribute Importance S. 17-26

„… ofMarketing, Retailing, and Management Science, University ofHamburg, Von-Melle-Park 5,20146 Hamburg …” „… are often measuredwithin the framework of multiattribute decisions, for which an attribute’s …” „… these methods to measure preferences,researchers typically assume that an alternative’s utilityor value …”

Andrea Groeppel-Klein, Benedikt Bartmann Turning Bias and Walking Patterns: Consumers' Orientation in a Discount Store S. 43-56

„… of Sorensen’s investigation andto overcome some of the limitations of our first study.5. Travel …” „… different environments (e. g. buildings, rooms, landscapes)on people’s emotions and behavior (Mehrabian 1976 …” „… (pleasure, arousal and dominance) that in turn serveas intervening variables determining people’s …”

Sonja Spürkmann Quantity Promotions: Just More of the Same? S. 27-42

„… quantityof a product. For example, a consumer could receive a25 % discount if s/he buys three units of a …” „… , identifyunder-researched areas and make suggestions for furtherresearch in Section 5.2. Quantity PromotionsQuantity …” „… obtains a discount if s/he purchases a stated number of units from arange of items. These items belong to …”

Lutz Hildebrandt Editorial S. 3-6

„… . 5–14KeywordsFree Markets, Individual Rationality, Aggregate Rationality, Economic Policy, SocialPolicy …” „… , Public Policy, Behavioral Decision Theory, Prisoner’s Dilemma, Health Care, Free Trade …” „… speciallystrident in the United States. During the last threedecades, successive U.S. administrations have …”

Kalyan Raman Free Markets, Marketing and Society S. 7-16

„… , Vol. 36, No. 5(September/October), pp.41–50.Lusch, R. F. (2007): Marketing’s Evolving Identity …” „… strident in the United States. During the lastthree decades, successive U.S. administrations have …” „… DecisionTheory, Prisoner’s Dilemma, Health Care,Free Trade, Globalization, Deregulation, Sustainable Development …”

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Robert Bosch

2019 C.H.BECK, München

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Notes S. 405-470

„… 1800 bis 1918, pp. 518 f. 5 Boelcke, Industrieller Aufstieg, p. 289. 6 V. Hippel, Wirtschafts- und …” „… Robert Bosch, Lebenserinnerungen (1921), RBA 1 014 006, p. 3. 11 Ibid., p. 5. 12 Hettling/Hoffmann, Der …” „… . The Latin alludes to Cato the Elder’s statement that Carthage needed to be destroyed. Here Pfau …”

A new clinic S. 301-305

„… appeared on the scene. Without a doubt, the Bosch-Zünder’s articles on National Socialism and profiles of …” „… Hitler make a bad impression on today’s readers. But these were not fervent oaths of loyalty, nor did …” „… this mimicry that was nearly grotesque by National Socialist standards was the Bosch-Zünder’s …”

Armaments boom and concerns S. 273-287

„… situations.95 In 1934 and in the years that followed, the firm’s sales and its number of employees …” „… were profits of 3.5 million reichsmarks, more than double the profits from the previous year.96 It is …” „… Looking back at the year 1933, however, those at Bosch were not able to avoid citing “the government’s …”

Great hardship and philanthropic foundations S. 106-127

„… with one’s own eyes every day showed that the armaments-producing companies, which were able to …” „… 5,000 grams to between 600 and 800; for butter from 400–450 to 150 grams.50 Conversely, an expansive …” „… taxation.57 Friedrich Ebert regarded Germany at war’s end as an “outwardly tattered people.”58 The …”

The transfer of power S. 254-260

„… “far-reaching agreements” with Germany’s global partners.5 For him, international cooperation was linked to …” „… day’s standards. In the months prior to and following the Nazi seizure of power, his letters more …” „… longer at the top of one’s game, one should pull back. If only I could bring things to completion!”2 He …”

No system change without free elections S. 165-170

„… its people. This makes Ludendorff and Tirpitz’s actions all the more malicious, and it is an …” „… meaningless carnage and make way in time for a political order more appropriate to the times.5 In Württemberg …” „… had described the November 10 events in the capital in the Berliner Tageblatt.6 The kingdom’s …”

Forced labor at Bosch and late compensation for the victims S. 385-392

„… victims The company’s involvement in armaments production meant that it would almost inevitably be drawn …” „… Wehrmacht’s material or manpower into an engine for war. It is truly one of the singular perversions of the …” „… under duress. All told, there were close to 13.5 million foreigners, men and women, who made the …”

Crisis, renewal, and securing the company's future S. 228-238

„… former U. S. subsidiary, with an annual revenue of $ 12.5 million (1926). Even if Bosch were to double …” „… 228 In the Weimar Republic Crisis, renewal, and securing the company’s future Irrespective of …” „… economic reality. Despite additional tariffs, U. S. producers were highly successful in their export …”

Anger and restraint S. 97-106

„… Hollweg’s government during the war and its pursuit of peace. This was because Naumann’s mouthpiece, Die …” „… implications – under considerable pressure from interest groups outside of parliament.12 Naumann’s warnings …” „… correlated with Robert Bosch’s attitude. Already prior to the declaration of the condition of “risk of war …”

No conversion and a Liberal encyclopedia S. 82-92

„… establishment of an elected workers’ council.344 After reaching an agreement before Stuttgart’s trade court …” „… generating debates in the state assembly. Because the company’s exceptional position in its wage and social …” „… DMV’s loss of membership due to the strike. He now no longer would even consider using union spokes- 84 …”

Württemberg prior to industrialization S. 13-15

„… Bosch. On his father’s side, the family’s lineage can be traced back to the Reformation era. Johann …” „… mortality were the demographic sign of the epoch.1 Of the thirteen children of Servatius Bosch’s …” „… neighboring town of Jungingen.2 The family’s estate was splendid; the young beer brewer and agriculturalist …”

A state funeral for Bosch S. 381-385

„… Stuttgart and the Bosch factories, because of the active involvement of Bosch’s circle in the resistance …” „… Bosch’s circle about a planned attack on Hitler which, however, had once again fizzled into nothing after …” „… remain unclear. We do know, though, that during these weeks of Bosch’s serious illness, Ulrich von …”

Business as a cover for resistance S. 346-381

„… Bosch knew about Hitler’s discussion with the heads of the Wehrmacht on November 5, 1937 at the Reich …” „… documented Goerdeler’s evolution into an opponent of the Nazi regime quite clearly. He warned of the “moral …” „… nation’s interests “as much as possible while exploiting the entire global situation initially in a …”

The German National Committee S. 138-141

„… authorities but rather had to be the result of one’s own reflection during the war as well. The German …” „… maneuver of Bethmann Hollweg’s administration, and, thus, in the end, about the chancellor’s head …” „… in a speech before the Reichstag on June 5, 1916, speaking of “pirates of public opinion” who, he …”

Printed Sources and Literature S. 474-501

„… Rotterdam nach New York, 24. Mai – 5. Juni 1884, Stuttgart 2011 (Special edition, Historical Communications …” „… Foreign Affairs 1930–1938, London 1965. Conway, John S., Between Pacifism and Patriotism – A Protestant …” „… . Dilks, David, Appeasement and ‘Intelligence’, in: idem (ed.), Retreat from Power. Studies in Britain’s …”

Mobilization and the "Spirit of 1914" S. 92-97

„… Serbia’s independence. It is certainly concerning that it was not 93 Mobilization and the “Spirit of 1914 …” „… in London did not perceive his government’s intentions. These involved considerable territorial …” „… and Serbia’s ambitions to expand were put to an end.3 This calculation ignored the fact that Russia …”

"Enforced conformity" and illusions S. 265-273

„… not interested in using public opinion to change his opponent’s mind. Instead, he sought out …” „… .”50 Robert Bosch must have remained unaware, likely due to Hitler’s adept use of the “strategy of …” „… Anton Erkelenz, the association’s director, who had found his way to the Left Liberals and then the …”

Successes, expansion, and internationalization S. 46-56

„… minute. Bosch’s workshop manager Arnold Zähringer succeeded in achieving the initially decisive …” „… consequence, also from an economic history perspective. Bosch’s later agent in Great Britain, Frederick R …” „… exclusive use of Bosch’s products.177 The quantity Daimler wished to have delivered was below the sales …”

Searching for peace S. 202-211

„… hand, the Bosch-Hilfe fund was a voluntary benefit with a noticeable effect on the company’s profits …” „… .190 The Bosch-Zünder was able to report to employees that the company’s employee benefits had …” „… peace The company statutes and new social policies were cornerstones of the firm’s new start after the …”

The Bosch-Goerdeler connection S. 335-346

„… for the study of work,” and for Robert Bosch’s foundations in the fields of education and upbringing …” „… characterized Hitler as a “criminal” within a few weeks of the Nazi’s seizure of power. Significantly, the …” „… the recognition that, should Hitler’s calamitous policies need to be brought to a halt and should a …”

Bosch and his Jewish fellow citizens S. 305-315

„… liberalism, and until 1930 supported Friedrich Naumann’s German Democratic Party, which had been disparaged …” „… Stuttgart, anti-Semitic attacks and riots set in with full force after the elections of March 5, 1933. Karl …” „… , the Führer’s economic advisor and later a state secretary, to be the “highest reachable starting …”

The meaning and aims of the war S. 127-138

„… correction for bullying practices, all of which would certainly have aligned with Robert Bosch’s views …” „… government with open demands for reform.131 This fit with Robert Bosch’s estimation of the political …” „… prepared to grant him credibility and morally defensible intentions.132 Moreover, Naumann’s commitment to …”

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Supplementary Protection Certificates (SPC)

Reihe: Beck International

Band 2021 C.H.BECK, München

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

K. Recent Developments S. 69-96

„… the UnitaryPatent Protection (UPP) or strategies beneficial to the EU’s Single Market like …” „… Committee back in 1991,5has not been carried out.6 It was not until the European Commission being in office …” „… infra, mn. 239 et seq.4 Cf. recommendation No. 1 in the MPI study p. 647.5 OJ C 69 of 18 March 1991, p …”

N. The SPC in France S. 137-146

„… countries, reference medicaments aregenerally authorized in accordance with centralized European procedure.5 …” „… basic patent, then the SPC can be granted. French Courts haveapproved this solution5.2 IP Code, Article …” „… -493/12 [Annex A1.XXV.].5 First Instance Court of Paris, Summary proceedings, G. D. Searle LLC v. SAS …”

A. Selected Decisions of the European and National Case Law S. 185-252

„… ................................................................................................ .... 5VI. Novartis v. Comptroller-General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks,C‐207/03, Ministre …” „… and Company v. Genentech, C‐239/19 of 5 September 2019 ..... 38XXXIX. Royalty Pharma v. Deutsches …” „… recognised by the Principality of Liechtensteinunder that State’s legislation is the first authorisation to …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… at: www.hartpub.co.ukandNomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, Waldseestraße 3–5, 76530 Baden-Baden …” „… Certificates (SPC),2nd ed. 2021, p. [#], mn. [#]www.beck.deISBN E-Book 978 3 406 77927 5 (C.H.BECK)ISBN 978 1 …” „… 5099 5721 7 (HART)ISBN 978 3 8487 8362 5 (NOMOS)© 2021 Verlag C.H.Beck oHGWilhelmstr. 9, 80801 …”

B. Selected Legal Sources S. 253-354

„… , or his beneficiary, of a patent for a productmentioned in paragraph 5 filed in a Contracting Party at …” „… its use for any such method is not comprised in the state ofthe art.(5) Paragraphs 2 and 3 shall also …” „… ) .............................................. 5IV. Act concerning the Conditions of Accession of the Czech Republic, theRepublic of Estonia, the …”

O. The SPC in Italy S. 147-155

„… , 2015, 5; Sena, La durata della protezione brevettuale, i certificatidi protezione complementari ed una …” „… notification date.5 Unlike European patents no opposition procedure exists in Italy.6 The registration of …” „… part(s) referred to the medicament the subject of the MA – through thegrant of a Certificate of …”

M. The SPC in the United Kingdom S. 111-136

„… referral under article 3(a) heads to the CJEU, B.S.L.R. 2017, 16(4), 197-202; Leung, United Kingdom: term …” „… by introducing s.128B andSchedule 4A. Schedule 4A of the Patents Act 1977 sets out how the provisions …” „… referrals that remained pending at Completion Day5) will not be.6 The UKSupreme Court has therefore become …”

Q. The SPC in Switzerland S. 165-184

„… ................................................................................................ ............ 631 The author thanks Michelle S. Ammann, LL.M. and Dr. Hélène Heinecke for their valuable …” „… the Patents Act(“PatA”)4 and the Patent Ordinance (“PatO”).5 Additionally, the Swiss Federal …” „… years after an application2 Convention on the Grant of European Patents signed in Munich on 5 October …”

C. Calculation of Term S. 32-37

„… an effective patent term of eight to twelveyears.4 This corresponds to the current status.5 It is …” „… proposed and in particular why the trio wascorrected to 15‐5‐5 in the RegSPC 1992, which finally came into …” „… column.5 At least in the average of 10 years, Fackelmann p. 14 et seq. with citations.6 OJ C 114 of 8 May …”

F. Specific Practical Problems S. 42-56

„… active ingredient(s) is/are authorised and not generally all conceivable derivatives.1122 Due to Art. 4 …” „… salt forms specificallyauthorised are used.5 Conversely, by way of the SPC the patent holder may …” „… CJEU Farmitalia v. Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt, C‐392/97, mn. 18 [Annex A1.III.].5 Different salt …”

H. Expiry, Invalidity and Revocation S. 65-67

„… .4195The expiry, in this case, does not enter into force by operation of law.5 Rather, ifArt. 14(d …” „… appx. § 16a mn. 149.2 Mühlens Mitt. 1993, 213, 218.3 Schennen Art. 14 para. 5 …” „… ; Busse/Keukenschrijver/Hacker appx. § 16a mn. 150.4 Busse/Keukenschrijver/Hacker appx. § 16a mn. 150.5 Benkard/Grabinski, EPC …”

P. The SPC in The Netherlands S. 156-164

„… further responsible for the Dutchpatent register (Article 19 ROW).5The Dutch patent register is freely …” „… , module 4 consists of pharmaco-logical toxicological data and, module 5the clinical-pharmacological data.8 …” „… NetherlandsBrigou/Burton/Wittop Koning 157ization(s) and the product have to be identified. The product has to be identified by …”

A. Purpose, History and Legal Character of the Certificate S. 4-12

„… filing the application to grant of the patent.34 It is estimated that one in 5,000 to 10,000 tested …” „… patent term reducing thepatentee’s chance to get a return on investments as overall turnovers will depend …” „… and six months.5 Each day of supplementary protection has great economic relevance. For some drugs80 …”

G. Grant Procedure S. 57-64

„… respect5 Cf. Brückner/Brückner Art. 8 mn. 76.6 CJEU Biogen v. SmithKlineBeecham Biologicals, C‐181/95 (2nd …” „… Art. 8 mn. 30; Mes § 49a PatG mn. 5.11 CJEU Farmitalia v. Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt, C‐392/97 …” „… years prior to the expiry of the Certificate pursuant to Art. 7para. 4 RegSPC.5. Application Fees184 In …”

B. Substantive Granting Prerequisites S. 13-31

„… ” is constituted by the pharma-cologically active ingredient(s) of the authorised medicinal product.3 …” „… ) excipients, as well. The term “product” may, however,include other variants than the active ingredient(s …” „… .534 The question of when a (patented) product differs from the active ingredient(s)authorised under …”

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Judicial Review of Commercial Contracts

Reihe: Beck International

Band 2022 C.H.BECK, München

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

E. France S. 99-124

„… (5th edn., Dalloz2006); Avena-Robardet, Clauses abusives dans les contrats de téléphonie mobile …” „… sanctionné même s’il profite (prétendument) au consommateur: Amazoncondamnée à 4 millions d’euros d’amende …” „… (2018), LexisNexis; Latil, Juri-sClasseur Droit International, fasc. 552‐10, Lois de police (2019 …”

H. The Netherlands S. 173-195

„… can influence the principle’s scope of application.5337 cf. HR 20.5.2005: RvdW 2005, 75 (Bakker/Zee …” „… april 2016, RvdW 2016/520 (Provincie Noord-Holland c.s./Gemeente Amsterdam)’ [2016] Maandblad voor …” „… Nieuw BW A5 (Kluwer 2017); Schelhaas/Valk, Uitleg vanrechtshandelingen (Uitgeverij Paris 2016 …”

J. Poland S. 195-219

„… odszkodowawczej dłużnika’ [Contractual mod-ifications of the basis for debtor’s liability in damages] (2007) 3 …” „… konkurencji. Komentarz [Unfair Competition Act. Commentary] (5th edn.,C.H. Beck 2019); Szydło, Nadużywanie …” „… aprofessional nature for such persons5. It is not clear from this wording who the otherparty to the contract is …”

B. England & Wales S. 33-55

„… suggested that subsequent factors may also be relevant.37UCTA 1977, s 11(5) makes it clear that the burden …” „… payable under the contract (clause 5.1) and(ii) the buyer would have an option to buy the seller’s …” „… commercial construction in contract law’ [1998] Lloyd’s Maritime andCommercial Law Quarterly 382–393 …”

K. Portugal S. 219-242

„… See for instance STJ, 4 May 2017, Proc. no. 1961/13.5TVLSB.L1.S1 STJ (Rap. Lopes do Rego …” „… . 1961/13.5TVLSB.L1.S1 (Rap. Lopes do Rego) and STJ,16 June 2015, Proc. no. 1880/10.7TVLSB.L1.S1 (Rap. Paulo …” „… . 309.11.8TVLSB.L1-7 (Rap. Maria do Rosário Morgado); STJ, 4 May2017, Proc. no. 1961/13.5TVLSB.L1.S1 STJ (Rap …”

O. Switzerland S. 301-323

„… . Surprising terms.......................................................................................... 5a …” „… ................................................................................................ . 5b) Definition of surprising terms............................................................ 8c …” „… Code of Obligations5 (CO) provide for mandatory rules limiting thevalidity of clauses included in …”

C. Estonia S. 55-77

„… ................................................................................................ .. 56. Limitation and exclusion of liability ...................................................... 5III …” „… rather to transplant from other jurisdictions, international conven-tions and soft law.5 The purpose was …” „… /consolide/current.4 30 July 1992. Available in English at www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/530102013003/consolide.5 In …”

Q. Choice of Law and Choice of Court: The Rome I and Brussels I bis Regulations S. 341-348

„… , Case note, (1994) 5 Recht der internationalen Wirtschaft 421–423;Münchener Kommentar zum BGB – Vol. 12 …” „… standards as to the necessary clarity of the choicemade. Secondly, Art. 3(5) in combination with Art. 10 …” „… by agreement.(5) The existence and validity of the consent of the parties as to the choice of the …”

L. Romania S. 242-271

„… );Kessler, ‘Contracts of Adhesion – Some Thoughts about Freedom of Contract’ (1943) 5 Columbia LawJournal …” „… 243–246; Spellenberg, ‘Der Konsensin Art. 23 EUGVVO – Der kassierte Kater’ (2010) 5 IPRax 464–471 …” „… depending on the individual category.5 The new Civil Code contains provisions which admit judicial review of …”

M. Spain S. 271-287

„… to recover money already paid to financial entities.5 However, contracting by means of general terms …” „… does not relateto the activity of his firm, is not linked to the exercise of the lawyer’s profession …” „… of 5 April 1993 on unfair terms inconsumer contracts must be interpreted as meaning that a natural …”

G. Italy S. 152-173

„… 1991) 2; Bianca, Diritto civile, 5, Laresponsabilità (3rd edn., Giuffrè Francis Lefebvre 2021); Bianca …” „… ]Contratti 695; G Patti/S Patti, ‘Responsabilità precontrattuale e contratti standard’ in: Il codice …” „… civile.Commentario (Giuffrè 1993); S Patti, ‘Certezza e giustizia nel diritto della prescrizione in Europa’ [2010 …”

A. Czech Republic S. 1-33

„… Private International Law: Commentary] (C.H. Beck 2014); Eliáśet al., Nový občanský zákoník s …” „… , ‘Take It or LeaveIt: Monsanto v McFarling, Bowers v Baystate Technologies and the Federal Circuit’s …” „… should bementioned that the principles of contractual autonomy5 and professional care influ-enced the …”

P. Taiwan S. 323-341

„… (訴訟權保障與裁判外紛爭處理) (2nd edn.,2012); Sun (孫森焱), min fa zhai bian zong lun (民法債編總論) (2nd rev. edn., 2014); T-S Wang …” „… zhi zhi li lun yu shi wu’ (加盟契約內容控制之理論與實務) (2016) 147 Chengchi Law Review 1–81; S-W Yang (楊淑文), ‘zhu …” „… Review 226–239; S-W Yang (楊淑文), ‘ding xing hua qi yue zhi guan zhi yu qi yue zi you’ (定型化契約之管制與契約自由 …”

F. Germany S. 124-152

„… Privatrecht) (5th edn., C.H. Beck 2010); Palandt Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch(79th edn., C.H. Beck 2020); Pfeiffer …” „… ................................................................................................ ........ 5aa) Contract terms …” „… counterparty at an unreasonably disadvantage that is contrary to good faith.5Furthermore, §§ 308, 309 contain …”

D. Finland S. 77-99

„… clarifications.3. Consumer contracts regulation3 It is typical for Nordic legal systems that the 1960s saw the …” „… terms under Finnish contract law5Finnish law distinguishes between individually negotiated terms and …” „… advantage of another’s distress, lack of understanding, imprudenceor position of dependence on him/her, has …”

N. Sweden S. 287-301

„… kommentar (5th edn., Wolters Kluwer 2016); Hauge, ‘Unfair Contract Terms in NordicContract Law’ in: Håstad …” „… a low level as an effect of the cooperationwithin the EU.5 The Contracts Act, which is still in …” „… ) which prescribesthat an offer made orally without any time limit shall be accepted immediately.5 See …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… at: www.hartpub.co.ukandNomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, Waldseestraße 3–5, 76530 Baden-Baden …” „… member of this institute’s Centre for Climate Law andSustainability Studies. She obtained a PhD at the …” „… director of this university’s Institutefor Comparative Law, the Conflict of laws and International Business …”

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Implementing EU Consumer Rights by National Procedural Law

Reihe: Beck International

Band 2022 C.H.BECK, München

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Annexes S. 213-638

„… of other Member States?Source(s):5. Legal aid5.1 Is legal aid available to consumers in: a) bringing …” „… this decision final, or can the defendant appeal against it?Source(s):8.5 Appeals in consumer disputes …” „… against a businessOther (please specify: )Source(s) and coverage:2.5 Please specify the rule of national …”

Chapter 1. General Structure of Procedural Consumer Protection (Stephanie Law) S. 9-62

„… specific concerns examined in Chapters 2 to 5 ofthis report. They include: the implementation of EU …” „… law, andthe character of the enforcement5 of consumer law within the Member States.* By Stephanie Law …” „… of the procedure set out in Art. 267 TFEU.5 It should be noted that for the purpose of this chapter …”

Chapter 3. Consumer Actions before National Courts (Burkhard Hess and Piet Taelman) S. 95-156

„… qu’elle ne s’éteigne par l‘effet du jugement ou en vertu de la loi.”4* By Burkhard Hess and Piet Taelman …” „… National Reports, Question 8.1.6. See also the answers to theinterviews, Question C.1.a.4 Author’s English …” „… liberty to put an end to the proceedings prior to their extinction by virtue of thecourt’s decision or by …”

Chapter 2. Access to Justice (Remo Caponi and Janek Tomasz Nowak) S. 63-94

„… (RVG)), 5 May2004 (BGBl. I S. 718, 788), as lastly amended by Art. 5 of the Law of 21 December 2015 …” „… C-279/09 DEB EU:C:2010:811, para. 36.Caponi 63was supposed to be characterised by three “waves”.5 …” „… legal aid.5 An analysis of the legal systems of the EU Member States, drawing on the nationalreports …”

Chapter 5. Consumer Alternative Dispute Resolution (Chris Hodges) S. 177-200

„… CHAPTER 5CONSUMER ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION*A. Introduction to the Chapter1This section …” „… , especially ones that deserve to be investigated further.I. Different Meanings of ADR5The scope of this …” „… (model 2). Although the EU’s Consumer ADR Directive4 requires con-sumer ADR functionality, and imposes …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XIV

„… at: www.hartpub.co.ukandNomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG Waldseestraße 3–5, 76530 Baden-Baden …” „… 978 3 406 79530 5Table of ContentsConsortium Members …” „… ......................................................................................................................................... ........ 5Chapter 1. General Structure of Procedural Consumer Protection (Stephanie Law …”

Chapter 4. Actions for Collective Redress (Stefaan Voet) S. 157-176

„… set out in the Recommendation.5 Nevertheless, the Commission intends (a)to further promote the …” „… . Policy 67; CsongorIstván Nagy, ‘The European Collective Redress Debate after the European Commission’s …” „… Commission’sRecommendation on Common Principles of Collective Redress and Private International Law Issues’(2013) 3 NIPR 483 …”

Bibliography S. 207-212

„… Procedure (Intersentia 2016) 5Remme Verkerk, ‘England and Wales’ in Remco Van Rhee (ed), European Traditions …” „… Demands for theTrilogue on the General Data Protection Regulation’Kim Economides, ‘Mauro Cappelletti’s …” „… ) Securities:The Advocate General’s Opinion in Kolassa v Barclays’ (2014) Riv. Dir. Int. Priv. e Proc. 1095Burkard …”

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Algorithmic Regulation and Personalized Law

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L. Personalized Law and the Behavioral Sciences (Hacker) S. 241-263

„… illustrative legal applications of behavioral economics. 1. Behavioral economics 5 Behavioral economics was …” „… formalized by von Neumann revolution in economics at the end of the 19 and Morgenstern in the 1940s, posits …” „… that human agents choose between different 5 alternatives such that they maximize their own utility …”

B. Personalizing Negligence Law (Ben-Shahar/Porat) S. 54-97

„… measuring a man’s powers and limitations.”5 Yet, over time, negligence law has created subcategories of …” „… tailor it to the specific injurer’s tendency to create risks and his or her ability to reduce them. We …” „… courts to “subjectify” the standard of care – that is, to tailor it to the specific actor’s tendency to …”

E. Granular Norms and the Concept of Law: A Critique (Auer) S. 137-154

„… , Volume 1, 5th edn., 1891, 51; cf Auer, Materialisierung, Flexibilisierung, Richterfreiheit, 2005, 47 …” „… . Critique and Theoretical Perspectives design: The “crude”, “one-fits-all” design of today’s law seems ripe …” „… equitable if it can be reformulated in granular form on a digital basis.5 This also has far-reaching …”

N. Algorithmic Regulation and (Im)Perfect Enforcement in the Personalized Economy (Busch) S. 279-292

„… advances in data-processing capacity. 5 These developments go hand in hand with a pervasive trend towards …” „… individuals. In the emerging “society of singularities”5 the individual is no longer considered as a …” „… ). 5 Reckwitz, Die Gesellschaft der Singularitäten, Berlin 2017. An English translation of this lucid …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XV

„… , Waldseestraße 3–5, 76530 Baden-Baden, Germany email: nomos@nomos.de Published in North America by Hart …” „… (Porat/Strahilevitz).................. 5 I. Introduction …” „… ......................................................................................................................................... 5 II. Theories of personalized default rules …”

H. ‘Granular Legal Norms’ in the Financial Services Trade (Sirena) S. 185-202

„… appears,5 e.g., with regard to the 1 Under European law, an express definition of ‘algorithmic trading’ is …” „… , Intersentia 2018. 5 Wagner/Eidenmüller, Down by Algorithms? Siphoning Rents, Exploiting Biases, and Shaping …” „… ; conversely, no goal can determine whether the ‘right’ decision was reached in any single case. 5 By contrast …”

A. Personalizing Default Rules and Disclosure with Big Data (Porat/Strahilevitz) S. 5-53

„… marriage.3 5 If men’s testamentary preferences differ systematically from women’s, why should 4 intestacy …” „… the worker’s age.63 Furthermore, there are proposals to provide 60 See supra fns 1–5 and accompanying …” „… consulted a patient’s FICO Adherence Score, and FICO predicted that there was only a 5% chance that the …”

F. Logopoeia: Normative Typification and Granular Norm’s Informational Differentiation (Femia) S. 155-171

„… Norm’s Informational Differentiation Alle sozialen, nationalen, konfessionellen Vorurteile sind ja …” „… their imagination 5 inclined towards the necessary goodness of sovereignty, legal naming – the supreme …” „… [...] item nomina sacralis designationis ut Petrus bene possunt mutari si non captiosa sint mutatio”5 1 Eggs …”

I. De- or Re-typification through Big Data Analytics? The Case of Consumer Law (Micklitz) S. 203-220

„… future of law.” This is the introductory passage of Casey and Niblett’s The Death of Rules and 1 …” „… Law Porat trace the implications of personalized law on mandatory rules.5 Consumer law plays a …” „… cares about the environment. These preferences may even 5 Porat/Ben-Shahar, Personalised Mandatory Rules …”

Introduction: Personalization and Granularity of Legal Norms in the Data Economy: A Transatlantic Debate (Busch/De Franceschi) S. 1-4

„… the debate about “microdirectives” with Wittgenstein’s treatment of rule-following5 and argues that …” „… in Justinian’s 6 He Digest that there are “more business transactions than terms to designate them …” „… “know- 4 Casey/Niblett, infra Part 1.C. 5 Wittgenstein, Philosophical Investigations, (1958) §§ 82–87. 6 …”

M. “Smart Contract”, “Granular Norms” and Non-Discrimination(Zeno-Zencovich) S. 264-278

„… .1 I. Only words 5 The law does not exist in some physical form. The law is a linguistical convention …” „… legal objects are given the same name.2 Unless one chooses to follow Humpty Dumpty’s inescapable logic …” „… contracts are algorithmic, self-executing and self-enforcing computer programs.”5 “Agreements existing in …”

C. The Death of Rules and Standards (Casey/Niblett) S. 98-114

„… advances in predictive and communication technolo- 5 gies will render this trade-off between rules and …” „… Duke L.J. 557, 561 fn. 6 (1992); McGinnis/Wasick, Law’s Algorithm, 66 Fla. L. Rev., 991, 1027 (2014). 2 …” „… world where many important decisions are automated.5 We do not take a side on these normative questions …”

G. “Granularization” and Cross-Subsidies: Liberal, Neoliberal and Socialist Perspectives (Denozza/Maugeri) S. 172-184

„… especially Kant’s thought, and calculability, which is the feature exalted by Max Weber. 3 Contemporary legal …” „… which individuals can increase their well-being (without, hopefully, harming others). 5 In the resulting …” „… order, and thought that whole system’s efficiency could be guaranteed, at a general level, by the …”

D. The Law between Generality and Particularity. Chances and Limits of Personalized Law (Grigoleit/Bender) S. 115-136

„… premature and “greatly exaggerated”5 to invoke “the death of rules and standards”6 – as (widespread) death …” „… .). II. Distinctions and notional specifications 5 In our view, the discourse on personalization of the …” „… Data 5 Mark Twain, letter from 31 May 1897 (“The report of my death was an exaggeration.”), becoming …”

J. Personalization of the Law and Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts (Patti) S. 221-235

„… negotiated.5 A connected basic finding is that if terms that the parties would have added to the contract …” „… read” in contract law, (2009) 5 European Review of Contract Law 1. See also Faure/Luth, Behavioural …” „… which the professional (a very regular user) of those terms has to invest”. 5 Hatzis, ibid. Patti 221 …”

K. Personalization of Tort Law? (von Bar) S. 236-240

„… duty of care for “risky 5 injurers”. First, the authors come back to a “standard” of care, which is a …” „… muchmorehumanitythanasortof“personalized” liability. No one’s personality will be exploited, dissolved, screened. It is not important, what …” „… a person did, thought and felt. And that is why it remains a private concern and nobody else’s …”

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Economically-dependent Workers as Part of a Decent Economy

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Bibliography S. 287-306

„… Relations 77 (2018);Calliess/Ruffert (eds.), EUV/AEUV, 5th ed., Beck 2016;Däubler, Arbeitskampfrecht, 4th ed …” „… (ed.), Freier Dienstvertrag und Scheingewerbetreibende, Arbeits- und SozialrechtsKarteiSpezialband 5 …” „… );Bernard/Dressen, Penser la porosité des statuts d’emploi, (5) La nouvelle revue du travail, numérospécial …”

G. Portugal (Abrantes) S. 117-135

„… October 2008, Proc. No 08S1328, http://www.dgsi.pt/jstj.nsf/954f0ce6ad9dd8b980256b5f003fa814/346a9631de25f …” „… 2009, Proc. No. 08S2583, available athttp://www.dgsi.pt/jstj.nsf/954f0ce6ad9dd8b980256b5f003fa814/519 …” „… provide his or her activity for another or others, within an organisation, and underthe latter’s authority …”

A. Economically-dependent workers: The relevant International Labour Organization Standards (Trebilcock) S. 223-242

„… , 2019), https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---normes/documents/publication/wcms_672549 …” „… International Justice declared that the ILO’s mandate of socialjustice ‘could hardly be more comprehensive’.43 …” „… documents have underpinned the ILO’s‘Decent Work Agenda’ since its introduction in 1999.4 Fast forward to …”

B. France (Kessler/Big) S. 24-44

„… While it characterised almost 4.5 million in the early 1970s, self-employment inmetropolitan France …” „… declined until the early 2000s, when it stood at around 2.25 millionpersons. It is the decline in …” „… salaried employment.Between 1970 and the mid-2000s, the tertiary sector lost a quarter of its …”

F. The Netherlands (Houwerzijl) S. 91-117

„… self-employment in the Netherlands4 Particularly since the beginning of the 1980s, when there was a persistent …” „… , including via tax incentives. Until the 2010s, a range of policies had been adoptedto support and to …” „… self-employed personsregarding their exemption from employee insurance.5 This removed the reclassificationrisk …”

D. Ireland (Doherty) S. 64-77

„… terms of any contractual arrangement’.5 As wewill see further below, this has resulted in the courts …” „… regulation. Approximately half of these were required, or heavily influenced, by EU law.5 Collins et al …” „… specificcohorts of workers (discussed below).5Additionally, there are concerns about the conceptual and practical …”

K. Excursus: UK (Davies) S. 169-188

„… .5 The problem arises because unscrupulous ‘employers’ and their legal advisers can usethe tests …” „… different.5 The test for a‘sham’ agreement is particularly strict, requiring both parties to have conspired …” „… the parties.7 The courts’ approach changed significantly with the Supreme Court’s decision in …”

I. Introduction S. 255-256

„… the‘invisible hand’ of integrated markets eroded in the 1970s, followed by the developmentof the considerable …” „… ), 1956; cf. also Barnard, EU Employment Law, 4th ed., 2012, 5–7;Bercusson, European Labour Law, 2nd ed …” „… between labour law and commercial law.5 In addition, in 2010, theEuropean Economic and Social Committee …”

A. Austria (Marhold) S. 9-24

„… almost 4.5 million in the early 1970s, self-employment inmetropolitan France declined until the early …” „… services rendered to a multitude of principals.5 No reference ismade in federal laws to whether the person …” „… et seqq.5 OGH, 4 Ob 191/82, Arb 10.310; Radner, supra fn. 1, 87.6 OGH, 4 Ob 92/76, Arb 9518; already …”

L. Comparative Analysis (Schubert) S. 188-223

„… organisations or occupations in the scope of socialprotection (e.g. homeworkers, journalists, platform workers5 …” „… Part I C.II.2.a.3 Cf. the UK Part I K.II.2.4 Cf. Italy Part I E.I.1.5 Cf. Germany Part I C.II.2.b …” „… ‘employment contract’ as the point ofdeparture regarding social protection5Traditionally, labour law is …”

II. Taking stock of EU law S. 256-268

„… between labour law and commercial law.5 In addition, in 2010, theEuropean Economic and Social Committee …” „… . Taking stock of EU law1. Lack of a legal definition of ‘economically-dependent worker’5 First of all, as …” „… ‘economically-dependent worker’ in European law.11Regarding the primary law, the TFEU uses the term ‘worker(s)’ in the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXVI

„… & Co. KG, Waldseestraße 3–5, 76530 Baden-Baden, Germany,email: nomos@nomos.dePublished in North America …” „… .............................................................................. 864. Autonomous workers’ and co.co.co‐s’ collective rights …” „… Dutch Competition Authority’s assessment of solo self‐employed workers............ 1103. Minimum fees …”

I. The aim and the background of the present research project S. 1-3

„… new relevance.5 Given the historical circumstances in Europe, the legislatures and the social …” „… . Aslam [2021] UKSC 5, [2021] ICR 657; Court of Appeal, 19 December 2018, UBER BVet al. v. Aslam et al …” „… .; Employment Tribunal, 5 January 2017, No. 2202512/16, Dewhurst v. CitySprintUK Ltd.; 9 January 2019, No …”

II. Current situation of economically-dependent workers S. 3-9

„… internationallaw’s influence on the law of the countries examined. The human rights perspective isemphasised as it is …” „… con-sidered as important as employees. This is due to the lower number of workers in5 Attorney General Wahl …” „… Rights, 2018, 100.IntroductionSchubert 5Reemers Publishing Services GmbHo:/Beck/978-3-406-76964-1/3d/Part …”

J. Sweden (Westregård) S. 153-169

„… legislation to determine economic dependency.5 The following criteria are the most commonly used in overall …” „… personally perform work for the otherparty (employment).– Work is performed under the employer’s control and …” „… Environment Act (1977:1160) was applicable.5 The SwedishWork Environment Authority based its decision on the …”

B. The Self-employed Persons under the European Social Charter (Schlachter) S. 242-255

„… rights to which all humans are entitled, without further specification.5The Articles of the Charter …” „… collectively (Articles 5 and 6, respectively), or specifically for ‘childrenand young persons’ (Article 7 …” „… to cover the self-employed as well.5 Among the self-employed, only migrants are explicitly included …”

E. Italy (Del Conte/Gramano) S. 77-91

„… these workers.5Before doing that, a few concepts need to be illustrated in order to clarify …” „… employmentrelationship as he or she is subject to the employer, is under the obligation to follow theemployer’s …” „… instructions, finds himself or herself integrated into someone else’s orga-nization: in a few words, the …”

C. Germany (Schubert) S. 44-64

„… werepolitically recognised as persons in need of social protection.5 Other groups of workerssuch as commercial …” „… ) 1997, 1249; Pfarr, in: Engelen-Kefer (ed.), Festschrift fürKarl Kehrmann, 1997, 75 (77).4 Section 5 …” „… paragraph 1 sentence 2 of the Labour Courts Act, 23 December 1926, RGBl. I, 507.5 Melsbach, Deutsches …”

III. Improvement of the protection against economic risks – balancing the economic risks S. 280-286

„… longer a worker cooperates with one or a fewmain principal(s), the more he or she is detached from the …” „… or the RESC.5 Even though theseinstruments use the terms ‘employee’ and ‘worker’, their scope of …” „… . https://ec.europa.eu/competition-policy/public-consultations/2021-collective-bargaining_en (accessed28 July 2021).5 ILO, Committee on Freedom of Association …”

III. Social protection for economically-dependent workers via new labour legislation S. 268-272

„… one hand and ‘self-employed’ and ‘entrepreneur’ on the other.108100 Cf. Advocate General Stix-Hackl’s …” „… .), supra fn. 2, Art. 153 AEUV mn. 10; Krebber, in:Calliess/Ruffert (eds.), EUV/AEUV, 5th ed., 2016, Art …” „… Recital 5 in regard to its provisions on social protection, whichArticle does not contain a legal basis …”

IV. Collective bargaining and the role of competition law S. 272-274

„… C 18/44 (498) sub 5.1.1.126 Same assessment by Perulli, supra fn. 123, (128–130); similar Davidov …” „… caseif an agent operates only as an ‘auxiliary organ forming an integral part of theprincipal’s …” „… , it may be argued that a multitude ofagents can also be considered a part of the principal’s …”

H. Slovenia (Tičar) S. 135-142

„… public law sense.5 The conclusion of a civil law contract as an element for defining an …” „… either byregistering an activity (s.p. – denoting Sole Trader) or by registering a certain profession …” „… established if at least 75 % of the annual income isreceived from the same client.5 A circumstance which is …”

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Impediments of National Procedural Law to the Free Movement of Judgments

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Annexes S. 255-480

„… ) of the Act). Adecision regarding legal aid applies to any subsequent proceedings (s.5 of the …” „… ........................................................................................ 2622.5. Certification of a decision …” „… ................................................................. 2654.5. The European Small Claim Procedure …”

Bibliography S. 247-254

„… editions 2016).Linke, Harmut & Hau, Wolfang, Internationales Zivilverfahrensrecht (C.H. Beck, 5th edn. 2015 …” „… ) Blackstone’s Civil Practice (Oxford University Press 2014).Tuo, Chiara, La rivalutazione della sentenza …” „… Zivilprozessordnung (5th edn, 2016).Münchener Kommentar, Zivilprozessordnung, Vol. 3 (5th ed. C.H. Beck 2018).Musielak …”

Chapter 4. Appeal and Third Instance (Christoph Kern and Karol Weitz) S. 163-206

„… district, local or city court. An appeal goes tothe higher instance, encompassing regional courts5, country …” „… seqq. and “Rekurs”, Austrian Code ofCivil Procedure, sec. 514 et seqq.5 National Report: Germany …” „… ; Latvia.Kern/Weitz 1631. Parties5 Generally, an appeal can only be sought by a person who had already been one of …”

Chapter 5. Specific Instruments (Xandra Kramer) S. 207-240

„… CHAPTER 5SPECIFIC INSTRUMENTS*A. Introduction1This chapter focuses on four specific instruments of …” „… limited to specific categories of cross-border claims, eitheruncontested debts,5 small claims (currently …” „… up to € 5,000)6 or maintenance claims7. Thelatter is a sectorial instrument as it only applies to …”

Chapter 1. A Classic Cross-border Case: the Usual Situation in the First Instance (Fernando Gascón Inchausti and Marta Requejo Isidro) S. 5-88

„… for the recognition and enforcement of foreign decisions.5 The MS solutions really differ mainly …” „… concluded thattoday’s biggest challenge for the European area of justice, security and freedomregarding …” „… systems to the specificities created by the cross-border element(s) of a case.7 It is worth noting that …”

Chapter 2. Default Procedures and Judgments in Cross-border Settings (Paul Oberhammer, Florian Scholz, Katharina Auernig and Julius Schumann) S. 89-130

„… Default bythe Court.4 See Chapter 1, Section A.III.5 According to the CJEU’s ruling in C-326/11, Alder …” „… consequence, judgments based (at least to some extent) on arespondent’s lack of appearance in the proceedings …” „… besides the court’s independence and impartiality) is the parties’ right to beheard in the proceedings …”

Chapter 3. Provisional Measures (Gilles Cuniberti and Eva Storskrubb) S. 131-162

„… January 2017. Albeit that it relates only to cross-border matters,5 it provides a reference point for our …” „… have opted out.5 As broadly defined in Art. 3.Cuniberti/Storskrubb 1313 Recital 5 to the EAPO …” „… the only practical way has been to makeseparate applications in each MS where the debtor’s assets are …”

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Human Resources and Organizational Approaches

2016 uvk, Konstanz/München

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4 Basic considerations on organizational concepts S. 83-120

„… assumption of all structural organizational theories. 4.5 On Kosiol’s traditional organizational theory …” „… and profitable. 4.5 On Kosiol’s traditional organizational theory 111 Fig. 33: Methodological …” „… secondary purpose): The principle of purposefulness is based on several considera- 4.5 On Kosiol’s …”

1 Theories on personnel management – from productivity to value and knowledge-based human capital S. 13-40

„… management, which coins Gutenberg’s production function. In a model it is thinkable that one person owns …” „… Taylor (also called Taylorism or Fordism). To explain to some extent with today’s concepts of strategic …” „… Smith and Ricardo, as well as Darwin’s theories of behavioural science and evolution. He was convinced …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… regarding organizational problems ............................................... 105 4.5 On Kosiol’s …” „… literature with regard to that topic: Schmeisser, W. / Andresen, M./ Kaiser, S. (2012) Personalmanagement …” „… Vgl. hierzu die deutsche Literatur: Schmeisser, W. / Andresen, M./ Kaiser, S. (2012 …”

2 Calculation of selected personnel management instruments and numbers of the annual financial statement for the Berlin Balanced Scorecard Approach S. 41-58

„… the goods and services produced are recorded within a short period of time (cf. Coenenberg 2003, p. 5 …” „… looking for such a performance management system. Since the 1990s they have been looking into the …” „… Scorecard as instrument for strategy implementation In 1996 R.S. Kaplan and D.P. Norton created the …”

Literature S. 121-126

„… Vahlen, Munich 1997 Coase, R. H.: The Nature oft he Firm, in: Economica N.S., Vol. 4 (1937), p. 386–405 …” „… Anwendungen. Branchentreff der Berliner Wissenschaft und Industrie. Beuth Verlag, Berlin a.o. 2015, S. 233-244 …” „… . / Walgenbach, P.: Organisation, 5th ed., Schäaeffer-Poeschel-Verlag, Stuttgart 2007 Kirsch, W. / Meffert, H …”

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Responsible Enterprise

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Chapter 7. Sector-specific CSR Conceptions S. 241-366

„… projects.The Minerals and Africa’s Development1 report by the International Study Group onAfrica’s Mineral …” „… Regimes shows, against the background of Africa’s colonial history, thecomplexity of the challenges for …” „… developmentagenda and interlinked with other instruments. What becomes clear is that evenRuggie’s “Protect, Respect …”

Chapter 5. CSR Strategy of the European Union S. 209-218

„… Chapter 5CSR Strategy of the European UnionThe normative framework of enterprise responsibility in …” „… ofMinerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas5, in EU hard law, soft law, intrade and investment …” „… (BEPS),http://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-5988-2017-INIT/en/pdf, last accessed on 10/02/2017.4 See below Chapter 7, I. 2. b).5 See below …”

Chapter 4. The ISO CSR Conception S. 165-208

„… observer status and can adopt ISOstandards, and “subscriber members” (5), who are kept informed of ISO’s …” „… IGO andNGO.5 Its organs are the General Assembly, Council, Technical Committees and aCentral …” „… 02/11/2016.5 The national organizations are structured very differently. In some countries, public officials …”

Bibliography S. 551-592

„… =318c3d94-c3d1-4f44-a11a-9c5368dd85d5, last accessed 08/03/2017.F.A.S.: Kinderarbeit nutzt. F.A.S …” „… Clothes. What’s Wrong with Banking and What to Doabout it. Princeton 2013.Advocates for International …” „… .Assländer, Michael S. (Ed.): Handbuch Wirtschaftsethik. Stuttgart 2011.Id.: Ordnungstheoretischer Ansatz …”

Chapter 6. National CSR Strategies S. 219-240

„… . One of CSR’s raison d’être is to bridge the so-called “governancegaps”, i.e. the protective divide …” „… overlapping it. The new lex mercatoria is as contentious and iridescent asthe historical lex mercatoria.5 At …” „… , Adding Human Rights Punch to the New Lex Mercatoria; Kerr/Janda/Pitts,p. 329 with further references.5 …”

Chapter 2. CSR Conceptions of the United Nations S. 31-132

„… , http://www.un-documents.net/s6r3201.htm, last accessedon 30/09/2016.2 Preamble.3 Art. 4 (d).4 Art. 4 (e).5 Art. 4 (g).6 Art. 4 …” „… activities of transnational corporations by sovereignstates;5 and the need for all states to put an end to …” „… adopted.7 In this Draft UN Code of Conduct, manyessential aspects of today’s CSR debate were already …”

Introduction S. 1-14

„… integration of CSR instruments and legal norms, for example S. 5 ss. 1 no. 6 UWG (ActAgainst Unfair …” „… well-knownmarket leaders demand globally effective rules.5The debate about Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR …” „… . 493, 513.4 See Nowrot, Normative Ordnungsstruktur, p. 430 ff. with further references.5 According to …”

Chapter 9. Enterprise S. 373-406

„… voluntary assistants, thusconstituting Germany’s largest private sector employer,4 appears in the CSR debate …” „… functionally understood conception of enterprise.5 The(largely already resolved) question as to how far …” „… employees at the end of 2015, F.A.S., 20/12/2015.4 See …”

Chapter 10. Responsibility S. 407-462

„… responsibleperson.5 This does not, however, provide an exhaustive rendering of the concept ofresponsibility.6 Rather …” „… .; Ronellenfitsch, p. 25 ff.3 See Klement, p. 1 ff.; V. Beck, p. 18.4 Ronellenfitsch, p. 25.5 See Lübbe-Wolff …” „… for example the German Gesellschaft fürInternationale Zusammenarbeit’s (GIZ) develoPPP program …”

Chapter 3. The OECD CSR Conception S. 133-164

„… the UnitedNations exhibit a repeatedly interrupted line of development, the OECD’s conceptionappears …” „… , http://www.oecd.org/investment/investment-policy/oecddeclarationanddecisions.htm, last ac-cessed on 07/02/2017.3 See Weidmann, p. 34 f., 173.4 See Steeg, ZGR 1/1985, p. 1, 5 …” „… states or international areas.5 Substantively, theyalready covered general principles and the issues of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVIII

„… : www.hartpub.co.ukandNomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG Waldseestraße 3–5, 76530 Baden-Baden,Germany, email …” „… .............................................................................................................................. 206Chapter 5. CSR Strategy of the European Union …” „… ................................................................................................. 241. Carroll’s responsibility pyramid …”

Chapter 11. Governance S. 463-548

„… the sense of a worldgovernment,3 world state4 or world law,5 is neither realistic nor, in view of the …” „… law from the state.3 See Zumbansen, Methodenlehre, p. 557, 566.4 See Calliess/Maurer, p. 1, 29.5 See …” „… legal tradition’s state centric conception oflaw, transnational expansions are examined through the …”

Chapter 1. Foundations of the Corporate Social Responsibility Discussion S. 17-30

„… concepts, such as the “honorable businessman” and the “lex merca-toria”, for today’s global business. In …” „… , promise and a sense of realism that ischaracteristic of today’s CSR debate was clearly expressed.2 While …” „… giveriches”, in the 4th century BC Demosthenes, a manufacturer’s son, said in more reticentterms: it is …”

doi.org/10.17104/9783406779312

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